1. The Foundations of Engineering and Architecture 001*PREHISTORY * Author Aleš Student, Klára Frolíková Palánová translation Klára Frolíková Palánová

2. Time periode 500 000-1 000 000 years BC – 3000-1000 years BC Old Paleolithic 500 000 to 150 000 years b.c. Middle Palaeolithic 150 000 – 40 000 years b.c. Mesolithic 40 000 – 10 000 years b.c. Neolithic 10 000 – 4 000 years b.c. Bronze-copper age period

3. TYPES OF BUILDINGS Primary schelter Cave, shelter, tents and huts, prehistoric Houses THE FORTIFICATIONS Clay walls, Stake Palisades CULT CONSTRUCTIONS Menhir, trilith, dolmen

4. CAVE

5. SHELTER

6. SHELTER IN THE CAVE OR NEAR THE CAVE

7. TENT

8. HUT

9. IGLOO

11. HOUSE

13. HOUSE TIPE MEGARO IN JERICHO 7 000 BC

14. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PREHISTORIC ARCHITECTURE The absolute beginnings of buildings mainly for shelter and meals Building types for the use and basic function Natural unworked materials The discovery of rhythm, landmarks and scaling (first houses and megaro)

15. BUILDING MATERIALS BONES CLAY BRANCHES STONES

16. CONSTRUCTION Masonry – from small stones for dry Masonry Megalithic masonry – large unworked or hacked stones Trilit — two menhirs and a horizontal stone — the first example of architrave system Stake construction – the vertical wooden poles Saddle roof

17. SIGNIFICANT BUILDINGS (the selection of certain foreign as well as domestic buildings)

18. 001 * menhir line in CARNAC (Francie) several thousand menhir statues lined in parallel rows

19. 002 * cave MENGA (Malaga, Španělsko) cca 3.000 years b.c.

20. 003 * Shrine in STONEHENGE (Salisbury, Anglie) The most beautiful prehistoric sanctuary

21. 004 * shrine in STONEHENGE (Salisbury, Anglie) Megalithic building (Cromlech) – the outside circle has a diameter of 100 m

22. 005 * shrine in STONEHENGE (Salisbury, Anglie) The rocks are high over 4 m and weighs 40-50 t

23. 006 * shrine in TALATÍ de DALT (Mahon, Menorca) Stone plate 3x4 m backed by perpendicular stove– T and a sloping reinforced by buttress

24. 007 * dolmen PEDRA GENTIL (Barcelona, Spain) Megalithic building, in Catalonia there are more smaller dimensions (mostly from the bronze age)

25. Longitudinal early dolmen Central early dolmen

28. Late dolmen (Denmark)

29. One ore two chamber