1. International Marketing Research

2. Learning Objectives To gain an understanding of the need for research.
To explore the differences between domestic and international research.
To learn where to find and how to use sources of secondary information.
To gain insight into the gathering of primary data.
To examine the need for international management information systems.

3. International Marketing Research
International marketing research is the systematic design, collection, recording, analysis, interpretation, and reporting of information related to a particular marketing decision facing a company operating internationally.

4. Example : Proctor & Gamble- (A Multinational)
How to connect to consumer?
Connecting trivial, day to day products with consumers.

5. International and Domestic Research
The tools and techniques of international research are the same as those of domestic research.
The difference is in the environment to which the tools are applied.

6. International and Domestic Research cont.)
The three primary reasons for the differences between international and domestic research are:
New Parameters
International Research
New Environmental
Factors
A Broader Definition
of Competition

7. New Parameters
In crossing international borders, a firm encounters parameters/constraints not found in domestic business.
Examples include:
Duties
Foreign currencies and changes in their value
Different modes of transportation
International documentation
Differing modes of operating internationally

8. New Environmental Factors
Many of the domestic assumptions on which the firm and its activities were founded may not hold true internationally.
Management needs to:
Learn the culture of the host country
Understand its political systems and level of stability
Comprehend the existing differences in societal structures and language
Understand pertinent legal issues

9. Broader Definition of Competition
The international market exposes the firm to much greater variety of competition than that found in the home market.
Firms must:
Determine the breadth of the competition,
Track competitive activities,
Evaluate their actual and potential impact on company operations on an ongoing basis.

10. Lack of International Research
International research is often less rigorous, less formal, and less quantitative than domestic research.
The four reasons why managers are reluctant to engage in international research are:
Their lack of sensitivity to differences in culture, consumer tastes, and market demands.
Limited appreciation for different environments abroad.
Lack of familiarity with national and international data sources.
Firms build international business activities gradually, frequently based on unsolicited orders.

11. The Importance of International Research
Firms must learn where the opportunities are, what customers want, why they want it, and how they satisfy their needs and wants.
Research allows management to identify and develop international strategies.
Firms must identify, evaluate, and compare potential foreign business opportunities and the subsequent target market selection.
Research is necessary for the development of a business plan.

12. Domain of International Marketing Research

13. Research of Industry and Market Trends (Usually Strategic in Nature)
Acquisition analyses
Diversification analyses
Market-share analyses
Export research

14. International Buyer Behavior Research
Brand preferences
Brands awareness studies
Purchase behavior studies
Consumer segmentation studies

15. International Promotion Research
Studies of premiums, coupons, and deals
Advertising effectiveness research
Local media research
Studies pertaining to personal selling activities
e.g Sales Force Compensation

16. International Pricing Research
Currency studies
Studies of inflation rates and pricing

17. International Distribution Research
Import/export analyses
Channel performance and coverage
Plant/warehouse location studies

18. Determining Research Objectives
As a starting point, research objectives must be determined for a firm.
These objectives will depend on the views of management, the corporate mission of the firm, the firm’s level of internationalization, and its competitive situation.

19. The International Marketing Research Process
STEP 1 Define the international research problem and agree on the research objectives
Exploratory Research
Descriptive Research
Causal Research
STEP 2 Set specific objectives

20. The International Marketing Research Process
STEP 3 Develop the International Research Plan
STEP 4 Define Information Sources
Secondary Data
Researchers must determine if the information is available, and, if so, how reliable it is
Internal data is useful only if company has collected similar info from relevant respondents in a country with similar environment

21. Secondary Data Constraints
Conceptual Equivalence
Concepts have different meanings in different cultural environments
Functional Equivalence
Products themselves may be used for different purposes in different country environments e.g WD 40 etc.

22. Secondary Data Constraints, continued
Availability, Reliability, and Validity
Accuracy of secondary data can be questionable: Published statistics may be unreliable
Sources of reliable data:
World Bank
United Nations Development Program
Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
Euromonitor

23. Other Sources of Secondary Data
Other Firms
Directories
Governments
International
Institutions
Service
Organizations
Trade Associations

24. Conducting Primary Research
Primary data are obtained by a firm to fill specific information needs.
The researcher must decide whether research is to be conducted in the consumer or the industrial product are
Cost can be quite high

25. Primary Data Research Approaches
Qualitative research has been particularly useful as a first step in studying international marketing phenomena.
Focus Groups
Observation
Interviews
Constraints: Responses can be affected by culture and interpretation. individuals may act differently if they know they are being observed.

26. Primary Data Research Approaches, continued
Quantitative research are more structured, involving either descriptive research approaches, such as survey research, or causal research approaches, such as experiments.
Content Analysis
Survey Research
Experimental Research
Constraints: Respondent factors, infrastructure factors

27. Data Collection STEP 5 Design Data Collection Instrument
Constraints: Translation; Instrument Reliability; Reluctance to answer certain questions

28. Data Collection, continued
STEP 6 Decide on the Sampling Plan
Sample Size
Sampling Procedure
STEP 7 Collect, Analyze, and Interpret Data

29. The International Information System
An information system is the systematic and continuous gathering, analysis, and reporting of data for decision-making purposes. (aslo called ,Decision Support System, D.S.S
To be useful, the information system must be:
Relevant
Timely
Flexible
Accurate
Exhaustive
Consistent
Convenient

30. Export and Import Issues

31. Going International-Exporting
A frequent objective of international research is that of foreign market opportunity analysis. The aim is to utilize a broad-brush approach.
Steps to this approach include:
A cursory analysis of general variables of a country.
A preliminary evaluation of each individual country.
Selection of appropriate markets for in-depth evaluation.
Finally, a competitive assessment must be made.

32. Process of Researching Foreign Market Potentials
Stage One
Preliminary Screening for Attractive Country Markets
Key Question to be answered:
Which foreign markets permit detailed information?
Stage Two
Assessment of Industry Market Potential
Key Question to be answered:
What is the aggregate demand in each of the selected markets?
Stage Three
Company Sales and Promotion Analysis
Key Question to be answered:
How attractive is the potential demand for our products and services?

33. Going International-Importing
When importing, the major focus shifts from supplying to sourcing.
Management must identify markets that produce suppliers or materials desired.
The importer needs to know:
The reliability of a foreign supplier,
The consistency of its product or service quality,
The length of delivery time,
Government rules and restrictions of the exporting country

34. Export Complaint Systems
An export complaint system allows customers to contact the original supplier of a product in order to inquire about products, make suggestions, or to present complaints.
A firm must be able to aggregate and analyze complaints and to make use of them internally.
Increasingly, the Internet enables customers to provide feedback on their experiences with a firm.

35. The Mechanisms of Export Complaint Systems
Environmental Scanning
Delphi Studies
Scenario Building

36. Environmental Scanning
Environmental scanning activities provide continuous information on:
Political, social, and economic affairs internationally
Changes of attitudes of public institutions and private citizens
Possible upcoming alterations
Two significant methods of environmental scanning are obtaining factual input and content analysis.

37. Delphi Studies
Delphi studies are a means for aggregating the judgements of a number of experts who cannot come together physically.
The Delphi technique is particularly valuable because it uses mail, fax, or electronic communication to bridge large distances and therefore makes experts accessible at a reasonable cost.

38. Scenario Building
Scenario building involves the identification of crucial variables and the degree of variation.
The possibility of joint occurrences must be recognized.
For scenarios to be useful, managers must analyze and respond to them by formulating contingency plans.
Through the anticipation of possible problems, managers hone their response capability and in turn shorten response times to actual problems.