1. ANCIENT ROME

2. The Origins of Rome Rome’s Geography
Rome was founded in 753 B.C. by twin brothers Romulus and Remus.
The city was chosen for its strategic location and fertile soil.
Built on seven rolling hills at a curve of the Tiber River, near the center of the Italian Peninsula.
Three groups inhabited the region from 1000 to 500 B.C.

3. The First Romans
The Latins built the original settlement at Rome and are considered to be the first Romans.
They built wooden huts atop one of the seven hills.
The Greeks, from 750 to 600 B.C. established colonies along southern Italy and Sicily.
They brought Italy in closer contact with Greek Civilization.
The Etruscans were native to northern Italy.
They were skilled metalworkers and engineers.
Influenced Roman civilization and architecture
Romans adopted their alphabet
The use of the arch

4. The Early Republic
In 600 B.C. an Etruscan became king of Rome and in the following decades Rome grew.
The last King of Rome was Tarquin the Proud and he was a harsh tyrant.
After him Rome vowed to never be ruled by a king again.
A republic was formed, a type of government in which the power is in the hands of the citizens who vote for their leaders.

5. The Early Republic Patricians Plebeians
The common people who made up most of the population;
Farmers
Artisans
Merchants
Citizens who had the right to vote
Formed their own assembly and elected representatives
Tribunes – protected the rights of the plebeians from unfair acts of the patrician officials.
The Twelve Tables
Written law code
Hung in the Forum
Became the basis for Roman Law
Wealthy landowners who held most of the power
Inherited their power and status
Believed this gave them authority

6. Government Under the Republic
Thought to have a balanced government that encompassed the best features of;
Monarchies
Aristocracies
Democracies
Rome had two officials called consuls, they directed the army and the government. Power was limited to a year.
The senate was in charge of the legislative and administrative part of the republic.
Dictators could be appointed to make laws and command the army in times of crisis. Only for 6 months.

7. Roman Legion 5,000 Infantry Soldiers
Group of Cavalry soldiers on horseback
Divided into groups of 80 men called a century
All citizens who owned land had to serve.
To obtain some public offices one must serve for ten years.
The military organizations and fighting skill were key factors in Rome’s success.

8. Roman Power Grows Roman power grew slowly and steadily
Sought to expand through trade and conquest
By 265 B.C. conquered almost all of Italy

9. The Defeated People Rome was lenient to the people they conquered
They were allowed to be full citizens if they lived on the Tiber
Those who lived further away had citizenship but could not vote.

10. The Punic Wars

11. The Punic Wars Roman merchants moved by land and sea.
They traded wine and olive oil for foods, raw materials and manufactured goods.
Carthage was a city that interfered with the Romans access to the Mediterranean.
Carthage was located on a peninsula of the North African Coast.
Eventually Rome and Carthage began to fight over trade in the Mediterranean Sea
They fought 3 battles

12. The First Punic War BC
Fought over control of Sicily, lasted for 23 years
Carthage defeated
This became Rome’s first province

13. The Second Punic War 218 – 202 BC
Carthage was led by HANNIBAL a brilliant general.
He used 50,000 men, 9,000 cavalry and 60 elephants.
To surprise Rome he went through the Alps. He lost half of his men and most of his elephants. Initially it worked

16. The Second Punic War
For 15 years, Hannibal moved across Italy dominating
At Cannae in 216 B.C. he had his greatest victory.
Romans stood strong and with help from allies they prevented the capture of Rome.
Finally a Roman general name SCIPIO devised a plan to attack Carthage.

17. The Third Punic War BC
Scipio was a powerful general who forced the fight to Hannibal's territory and in 202 B.C. the Romans defeated Hannibal.
Rome laid siege to Carthage and set the city on fire.
Romans sold all of Carthaginians into slavery!

18. Rome In Control
Victory in the Punic Wars gave Rome control of the Mediterranean
By 70 B.C. Rome’s Empire stretched from Anatolia to Spain.

19. Vocabulary Checkpoint
In this section you were introduced to ten vocabulary terms.
Using these ten terms make the LONGEST SENTENCE EVER!
Republic, Patrician, Plebeian, tribune, consul, senate, dictator, legion, Punic Wars, Hannibal

20. EXIT INTERVIEW
SUMMARIZE THE IMPORTANCE AND IMPACT THE PUNIC WARS HAD ON ROMAN SOCIETY
(AT LEAST 5 SENTENCES)