1. figurative language

2. metaphor a comparison between two unlike things

3. simile a comparison between two things using the word like or the word as

4. personification human qualities are attributed to an object, animal, or idea

5. hyperbole the truth is exaggerated for emphasis or for effect

6. apostrophe an object, an abstract quality, or an absent or imaginary person is addressed as if present and able to understand

7. oxymoron two contradictory words are found next to each other

8. diction a writer’s or speaker’s choice of words and way of arranging the words in sentences

9. imagery descriptive words or phrases that recreate sensory experiences for the reader

10. sound devices

11. alliteration repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words

12. onomatopoeia use of words whose sounds suggest their meanings

13. consonance repetition of consonant sounds within and at the ends of words

14. assonance repetition of vowel sounds in two or more words that don’t end with the same consonant

15. repetition a sound, word, phrase, or line is repeated for emphasis

16. end rhyme rhyme that occurs at the end of lines of poetry

17. near rhyme / slant rhyme end rhymes that are not exact

18. internal rhyme rhyme that occurs within a single line

19. meter pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry (provides rhythm)

20. rhythm beat or flow of a poem – sound created by the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables

21. iambic meter in which one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable equal a foot of poetry

22. pentameter meter in which one line of poetry consists of five feet of poetry (a foot of poetry is usually two or three syllables)

23. form

24. stanza group of lines that form a unit in a poem

25. couplet two lines of poetry with end rhyme

26. quatrain a four-line stanza

27. parallelism use of phrases, clauses, or sentences that are similar in structure or meaning

28. type

29. epic poem a long poem that tells a story; usually serious and traces the adventures of a great hero

30. narrative poem a poem that tells a story

31. ballad a poem that focuses on one incident and was originally intended to be sung

32. lyric poem a short poem in which a single speaker expresses personal thoughts and feelings

33. sonnet a short poem with 14 lines written in iambic pentameter and a set rhyme scheme

34. haiku a three-line poem that is usually about nature and follows a strict number of syllables per line

35. elegy an extended poem in which the speaker reflects on death, often in tribute to a person who has recently died