1. The Dunedin Longitudinal Study 1

2. Dunedin, New Zealand

3. Dunedin Longitudinal Study AgeYearNumberPercent* Birth1972-73 31975-761037 100% 51977-7899196 71979-8095492 91981-8295592 111983-8492590 131985-8685082 151987-8897695 181990-9199397 211993-9499297 261998-9998096 322004-0597296 382010-1296195% * Percent assessed, of those who were alive at each age.

5. Participants come to the Research Unit in Dunedin – Full 8-hour day of exams – Face-to-face standardised interviews, by well- trained clinicians – Clinicians make dossiers of case notes and observational ratings Interview data corroborated by parents, teachers, informant surveys Dunedin Study Data Collection

6. Taking part has not improved cohort members’ health. Compared to NZ national health surveys. No differences in… Self-reported health Obesity Smoking Time in physical exercise Service use: GP’s, specialists, hospital admissions Dunedin Study Data Integrity

7. Compared to a cross-section of same-age research-naïve young adults in Dunedin... Our cohort members self-reported more … Serious & illegal substance abuse Domestic violence Dangerous sexual behaviours Illegal behaviours, crimes at work

8. A brief introduction to the Dunedin Study data space

9. Repeated neuropsychological testing from childhood to midlife

10. Personal Interviews

11. Larry Carin et al. 276 months, Age 15 to 38

12. Cardiorespiratory fitness

13. Cardiovascular health

14. Anthropometrics

15. Blood pressure

16. Lung function

17. Dental examination

18. Laboratory tests (cholesterol, inflammation, sexually transmitted infections, etc.)

19. Genome-wide…... ●DNA sequence ●Methylation arrays (repeated) ●Expression arrays ●Telomere erosion (repeated) David Corcoran, Greg Wray, and Center for GCB

20. Q: How old are these women? A: 38 Guillermo Sapiro et al., Pratt

21. Retinal vasculature imaging In collaboration with Duke-NUS

22. Digital Retinal Imaging 22

23. Dunedin Study Data Multidisciplinary Portfolio of Interviews and Exams Birth records Family background (including maltreatment) Mental Health Psychiatric disorders Substance use disorders Personality Crime/ antisocial behavior Educational experiences Family life (inc. parenting) Work life Finances Physical activity Birth records Family background (including maltreatment) Mental Health Psychiatric disorders Substance use disorders Personality Crime/ antisocial behavior Educational experiences Family life (inc. parenting) Work life Finances Physical activity Neuropsychological testing Sexual & reproductive health Facial photographs Physical exams Anthropometry Lung function Fitness testing Dental exams Cardio and vascular testing Blood draws Medical histories Injuries, pain, sleep, nutrition 3-Gen Family histories Genomic bank Neuropsychological testing Sexual & reproductive health Facial photographs Physical exams Anthropometry Lung function Fitness testing Dental exams Cardio and vascular testing Blood draws Medical histories Injuries, pain, sleep, nutrition 3-Gen Family histories Genomic bank

24. VARIETY OF ADMINISTRATIVE DATA Record linkage to multiple nationwide data bases Candice Odgers, Sanford Policy Seth Sanders, Economics

25. Source: Ministry of Social Development Measure: Number of months that study members drew government welfare benefits The cohort of 1000 people has received 23,760 monthly benefit support payments Social Welfare Benefits

26. Source: Ministry of Health Measure: Number of prescriptions filled by study members The cohort has filled 65,245 pharmacy prescriptions over the past 6 years Prescription Fills

27. Source: Ministry of Health Measure: Outpatient visits, inpatient admissions, length of stay, procedures undertaken Hospital Admissions

28. Source: New Zealand Police Measure: Number of convictions in adult criminal courts, including property, court-order violations, drug, and violence convictions (but excluding traffic violations) The cohort has accumulated 2,084 convictions Criminal Convictions

29. Source: Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) the sole provider of accident insurance for all work and non-work injuries in New Zealand Measure: Number of injury claims by study members The cohort has made 6514 insurance claims for injuries Injury Insurance Claims

30. .

31. Modest sample size But…. Millions of variables Thousands of biosamples Reams of qualitative records

32. + Private charities and foundations

33. Challenges: Storage Security Collaboration enclaves Continuity in data management

34. The “Moffitian” Child: Your genome does not make you depressed, but makes you more susceptible to environmental pressures; in this case it makes you more likely to be depressed when you suffer several external setbacks. And that has to be how things like intelligence are determined. A clever person is not born clever, they’re born more able to take in teaching, they’re born capable of learning. Report Role of Genotype in the Cycle of Violence in Maltreated Children Report Influence of Life Stress on Depression: Moderation by a Polymorphism in the 5-HTT Gene

35. Developmental Genetic Epidemiology Polygenic Risk Mature Phenotype Time Developmental Phenotypes Take Home: Early-life developmental phenotypes are critical mediators of genetic risk

36. Conclusion Cannabis smoking may be a risk factor for periodontal disease that is independent of the use of tobacco. In this issue of JAMA, Thomson and colleagues present the findings of a cohort study that have the potential to bring a more evidence-based approach to an understanding of the etiology of destructive periodontal disease.

39.  1994-95 birth cohorts  2,232 twins  Nationally representative  50% DZ-MZ  Birth, 5, 7, 10, 12, 18 years  93% retention at age 18 The Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study Moffitt et al., (2002) J. Child Psychology and Psychiatry