1. DNA – RNA – Protein Synthesis
Objectives:
F1-Identify the components of DNA, describe how information for specifying traits is carried in DNA, & recognize that components that make up the genetic code are common to all organisms
F2 - Explain the purpose & process of transcription & translation using models of DNA & RNA, describe the role of DNA & RNA during protein synthesis, & recognize that gene expression is a regulated process

2. III. DNA Structure and Function
A. Description - deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer made up of repeating monomers of nucleotides

3. B. Structure
1. Double stranded
2. Helix

4. - subunits of DNA; 3 parts
3. Nucleotides
- subunits of DNA; 3 parts

5. * PHOSPHATE group * nitrogen bases (1of4) * SUGAR - deoxyribose
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Why DNA is often compared to a ladder? DNA is similar to a ladder: the rails of a ladder represent the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA, and the rungs of a ladder represent the nitrogen base.
How is a ladder different from DNA? DNA is twisted while a ladder is flat and that a “rung” in the DNA molecule is made of two bases, while the ladder’s rung is a single unit.
The P of one nucleotide is bonded to the sugar of another nucleotide.
purines
pyrimidines

6. 4. Complementary Base Pairing
A purine is always paired with a pyrimidine.
A-T C-G

7. Location
Remains in the nucleus

8. D. Function -
DNA determines an organism’s traits by controlling the manufacturing of proteins.
The sequencing of nucleotides forms unique genetic information.

9. E. Involved with theses processes:
1. Replication - Copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA
2. Transcription

10. III. RNA Structure and Function
A. Description – ribonucleic acid; similar to DNA
(messenger RNA & transfer RNA)

11. B. Structure 1. Single stranded 2. mRNA – straight line
tRNA – t shaped

12. 3. Made up of subunits called Nucleotides
* phosphate group
* sugar - ribose
* nitrogen base (1of4)
- A
- G
- Uracil (U)
- C
4. Base Pairing
A-T G-C U-A C-G

13. Location mRNA – travels from the nucleus to ribosomes
tRNA – through sites on the ribosome

14. D. Function
mRNA – carries the genetic information out of the nucleus for protein synthesis
tRNA – decode the information by transferring the amino acid to the ribosome

15. E. Involved with theses processes:
1. Transcription – mRNA is made from DNA in the nucleus
2. Translation – proteins are made from mRNA with the help of tRNA at ribosomes

16. Etymology
Transcription: trans- (L. across) + -scription (SCRIBERE, to write)
Translation: : (L. TRANSLATUS carried across)

19. Peptide bond between the amino acids
(polypeptide)
Peptide bond between the amino acids

20. DNA Base Pairing
TCG AAC TGG
AGC TTG ACC
You try:
CCA GAT TGA
GGT CTA ACT

21. DNA to RNA Base Pairing
DNA - TCG AAC TGG
RNA - AGC UUG ACC
You try:
DNA - CCA GAT TGA
RNA -
GGU CUA ACU