1. TIMELINE: The Medieval Period

2. The Medieval Period The Medieval period or Middle Ages, was named by Renaissance historians to account for the nearly 1000-year span between the fall of Rome and the creation of Medieval Europe.

3. The Church The new world power was the Roman Catholic Church, which restored order and developed a new code of law based on church doctrine and Roman Law. The arts were almost exclusively under the patronage of the church, resulting in the building of great cathedrals throughout Europe.

4. The monarch and nobles were at the top, with the serfs and poor workers at the bottom. A person was born and died within this system with no hope of improving economically, educationally, or socially. Societal Structure

5. Society Since the commoners, mostly women and some of the nobility, could not read art was used to inform and educate.

6. The Arts As commerce spread, cities in northern Europe gained prominence. The merchants and artisans became a separate social group which organized themselves in guilds. Guild: a medieval association of craftsman or merchants, often having considerable power

7. By the Guilds In cities like Paris, large Gothic cathedrals were built. Often this was the work of community efforts by the artisans. The merchants gained wealth and prestige and became the new patrons of the arts. Patronage: the support, encouragement, privilege, or financial aid that an organization or individual bestows to another.

8. Gothic Cathedrals The Gothic style emphasizes verticality and light. This appearance was achieved by the development of certain architectural features such as clustered columns, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses.

9. Notre-Dame de Reims Reims, France 1211

11. Duomo di Milano Milan, Italy 1386

17. Architectural Supports Vault A vault is an architectural term for an arched form used to provide a space within a ceiling or roof. Vaults allow for larger and wider spaces to be built because of the support it gives the roof.

18. Types of Vaults Barrel vault (also known as a tunnel vault) is formed by the extrusion of a single curve. It is effectively a series of arches placed side by side

21. Types of Vaults Groin vault (also known as a cross vault) is produced by the intersection of right angles of two barrel vaults. The word “groin” refers to the edge between intersecting vaults

25. Types of Vaults Ribbed vault – the intersection of two or three barrel vaults produces a rib when they are edged with an armature of piped masonry often carved in decorative patterns These advances in vaulting allowed for the addition of more windows high up and additional space provided for visiting saints and angels

32. Architectural Supports Buttress A buttress is an architectural support of stone or brick built against a wall in order to support the weight of the ceiling being pushed downward.

34. Architectural Supports Flying Buttress A flying buttress is an architectural support used to spread the thrust of a vault across an intervening space to a buttress outside the building. It prevents the outward expansion of the lateral thrust Lateral: from the side Thrust: a pressing force

43. The Gothic Cathedral: A landmark in engineering http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0v_nD15T ll0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0v_nD15T ll0

44. http://zieba.wroclaw.pl/kpg/kps.htm l http://zieba.wroclaw.pl/kpg/kps.htm l Go to this website and tell me what you see. Write 5 sentences about what you found interesting.