2. From RegentsEarth.com

3. How to play “Earth Science Battleship” Divide the class into two teams, Red and Purple. Choose which team goes first. The main screen is divided into 49 boxes. The first team chooses a box by letter and number, E4 for instance. Click on the ‘Q’ at the center of the square. Be careful to click only on the ‘Q’. A question will appear. IF the team answers the question correctly, click on ‘return to board’. This will take you back to the main game board. Now click anywhere else in the box (except the ‘Q’). The box will disappear and you find out if you hit and destroyed one of the enemy ships. If the team did not answer the question correctly simply return to the main board and allow the other team to choose a box and answer a question. The first team to successfully “sink” all four of the other team’s ships wins. The RED team must sink purple ships and the PURPLE team must sink red ships. (if you’re playing at home to review, click on ‘answer’ for the correct response) Each team or the team captain must be told which squares hide their ships. (see notes below this slide) Get out your reference tables. Let’s play!

4. Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q

5. Question A1 Choice 3 ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown.

6. Question A2 Station D (farthest from epicenter) ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. At which seismic station, A through D, is the difference in arrival times between P and S waves greatest?

7. Question A3 S waves cannot pass through the liquid outer core ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. Explain why no S waves were received at seismic station F.

8. Question A4 Station E is in a ‘shadow zone’ ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. Explain why neither P nor S waves were received at seismic station E

9. Question A5 3400 km ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. A seismic station records the arrival of P waves at 2:10 PM. S waves from the same earthquake arrive at the station at 2:15 PM. Approximately how far is the seismic station from the epicenter?

10. Question A6 Choice 3 ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. Compared to Earth’s oceanic crust, Earth’s continental crust is...... 1)thinner and composed of granite 2) thinner and composed of basalt 3) thicker and composed of granite 4) thicker and composed of basalt

11. Question A7 The distance between that station and the epicenter of the earthquake ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. What is the only thing scientists can determine by looking at one seismogram recorded at a single seismic station?

12. Question B1 Letter D ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. Which letter represents the epicenter of this earthquake?

13. Question B2 Folding ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. The sedimentary rock layers shown here were originally horizontal. What term describes what happened to them after they were deposited.

14. Question B3 Faulting ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. What term describes the kind of crustal movement shown in the illustration?

15. Question B4 Tilting and faulting ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. Name the two kinds of crustal movements that have created the geographic features shown in the illustration.

16. Question B5 Uplift (mountain building or orogeny) ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. Rock layers containing fossil shark’s teeth have been found at elevations of over 5000 meters above sea level. Which geologic process is responsible for the location of the fossil teeth?

17. Question B6 5600 km ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. How far do P waves travel in 9 minutes?

18. Question B7 5 minutes, 40 seconds ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. A seismic station is located 4000 km from the epicenter of an earthquake. How long after P waves arrive at this station will the S waves arrive?

19. Question C1 Location C ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. At which location in this diagram would evidence of rising convection currents in the mantle most likely be found?

20. Question C2 Location A ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. At which location in this diagram would the oldest crust be found?

21. 11:07 AM ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. Question C3 A seismic station recorded an earthquake with an epicenter distance of 4,000 kilometers. If the origin time of the earthquake was 11:00 AM, what time did the P-waves arrive at the seismic station?

22. Question C4 Choice 2 (the mirror image of the east side) ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. Which diagram below best represents the oceanic crust on the west side of the mid- ocean ridge?

23. Question C5 9 minutes 40 seconds ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. About how long did it take S-waves to travel from the epicenter to seismic station A?

24. Question C6 The inner core ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, which zone of the Earth has the greatest density?

25. Question C7 1500 km ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. A seismic station records a travel time difference of 3 minutes between P-waves and S-waves from an earthquake. Approximately how far is the seismic station from the epicenter of the earthquake?

26. Question D1 3200°C ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. What is the temperature of the rock located 1000 kilometers below the Earth's surface?

27. Question D2 Because S-waves cannot travel through the outer core ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. Why do geologists infer that the Earth's outer core is a liquid?

28. Question D3 Seismic waves ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. Our present understanding of the nature of the Earth's interior is based primarily upon information obtained from the study of

29. Question D4 2600 km ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, if a seismic station records a difference in arrival times between P-waves and S-waves of 4 minutes, how far away is the epicenter of the Earthquake?

30. Question D5 Decreases ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. As the distance between an observer and an earthquake decreases, the difference in arrival times of P and S waves.......

31. All sedimentary rocks were deposited as horizontal layers. ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. Question D6 State the ‘Law of Original Horizontality”

32. Question D7 5:05:40 AM ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. If an earthquake occurred at 5:00:00 AM, At what time would the P-waves reach a seismic station that was 3000 kilometers from the epicenter?

33. Question E1 5,500 km ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. A seismic station records a travel time difference of 7 minutes between P-waves and S-waves of an earthquake. Approximately how far is the seismic station from the epicenter?

34. Question E2 About 6,600°C ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. What is the melting point of the rock which is found at a depth of 2000 km beneath the surface of the Earth?

35. Question E3 1.5 million atm ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. What is the pressure at the boundary between the mantle and the outer core?

36. Question E4 The outer core ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, in which region of the Earth's interior would material with a density of 10 g/cm 3 most likely be found?

37. Question E5 Choice 4, Binghamton ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. The epicenter of an earthquake is located near Massena, New York. According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, the greatest difference in arrival times of P-waves and S-waves for this earthquake would be recorded in 1) Albany, N.Y. 2) Utica, N.Y. 3) Plattsburgh, N.Y. 4) Binghamton, N.Y.

38. Question E6 3,000 km ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. Following an earthquake, a seismograph station recorded the arrival of P-waves at 3:09:30 a.m. and S-waves at 3:14:00 a.m. According to the Earth Science Reference tables, what is the distance from the seismic station to the epicenter of the earthquake

39. Question E7 10:08 AM ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. A seismic station determines that its distance from the epicenter of an earthquake is 4000 kilometers. According to the Reference Tables, if the P-waves arrived at the station at 10:15 a.m., what was the time of the origin of the earthquake?

40. Question F1 5400 km ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. How far from the epicenter was the seismic station that recorded the seismogram, above?

41. Question F2 2,000 km ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. How far from the epicenter was the seismic station that recorded the seismogram, above?

42. Question F3 Choice 3 ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. All the seismograms, above, are from the same earthquake but were recorded at different seismic stations. Which seismogram was recorded by the station that was farthest from the epicenter>

43. Question F4 10:09 PM ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. P-waves from an earthquake arrived at the seismic station that recorded this seismogram at 10:15 PM. What was the time of origin of the earthquake?

44. Question F5 Sea floor spreading ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. The increasing age of the rock on both sides of the Mid-Atlantic ridge provides evidence for..................

45. Question F6 The Hawaiian Islands ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. What island chain formed in the manner shown in the diagram?

46. Question F7 Subduction ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. The process shown here by which sea floor is pulled down into the mantle and melted is known as...................

47. Question G1 Plate boundaries ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. Both volcanoes and earthquakes occur in the same ‘zones’ on the Earth shown here in yellow. These zones are actually.....................

48. Question G2 A divergent boundary ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. What kind of plate boundary is located at 60°S, 140°W?

49. Question G3 A transform fault (boundary) ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. What kind of fault (boundary) is the San Andreas?

50. Question G4 Choice 4 ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. Which cross-sectional diagram of a portion of the crust and mantle best shows the pattern of mantle convection currents that are believed to cause the formation of a mid-ocean ridge?

51. Question G5 11:07 am ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. A seismic station recorded an earthquake with an epicenter distance of 4,000 kilometers. If the origin time of the earth- quake was 11:00 am, what time did the P-wave arrive at the seismic station?

52. Question G6 about 4 minutes and 50 seconds ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. The p-waves generated by an earthquake took 2 minutes and 40 seconds to reach a seismic station. How long did it take the S-waves from the same earthquake to reach this seismic station?

53. Question G7 1:53 pm ANSWER Back to main board Click timer to start 1 min. countdown. A seismic station is located 5400 kilometers away from the epicenter of the earthquake. If the arrival time for the S-waves was 2:00 PM, at what time did the P-waves arrive?