1. Welcome to the Bearing Selection Guide v.3.0
The ultimate calculation tool

2. 1. Introduction
The Timken Bearing Selection Guide Version 3.0 (“TBSG3”) is program that is installed on your Microsoft Windows PC to provide bearing information and calculations for your applications.
This tool was designed to provide you with reliable methods of choosing and using appropriate Timken bearings for your bearing applications.
The program will also enable you to build a model of your bearing application. This application model can then be used to analyze your application, evaluate bearing selections and can be sent to your local Timken Sales Engineer for further analysis.
This Training is intended to supply you with technical information and step-by-step instructions on how to properly use the Bearing Selection Guide.
It will also provide you with a step-by-step example on how to create a bearing application to model your bearing system.

3. 1. Introduction Running the Timken Bearing Selection Guide
To run the Timken Bearing Selection Guide, follow one of these procedures:
• Double-click on the icon installed on the Windows desktop.
• From the Windows Start menu, select Programs / The Timken Company / Timken Bearing Selection Guide v3.0 / TBSGv3.0
Exiting the Timken Bearing Selection Guide
To exit the Timken Bearing Selection Guide, select Quit from the Files menu on the main screen.

4. 1. Introduction
Register Now
Click here to register online. The Registration Code and some basic user information is requested. A password will be sent to the address provided at registration.
The Timken Bearing Selection Guide (TBSG) will open to the main startup screen. If this copy of the Timken Bearing Selection Guide has not been registered, a Registration Code and a link to the TBSG on–line Internet registration page will be shown at the bottom of this screen. Ten uses (starts) of the program are allowed without a password before service is denied.

5. 1. Introduction Resizing Individual Panes
In many cases, the allocation of space can be changed among various features that are being simultaneously displayed.
Click and drag the border between sections of the main screen to resize the panes.

6. 2. Configuring the TBSG
Units Conversion Tool button Converts commonly used measures between Metric and Imperial unit systems.
Help button
Opens the user manual.
Global Bearing Search button
The global bearing search function lets user select bearing part numbers meeting specified criteria across multiple bearing types.
System Units button
Allow the user to set input and output data units as the Metric (millimetre) or Imperial (inch) unit system

7. 2. Configuring the TBSG
“Bearings” menu
Bearings scroll down list allows you to select a bearing type.
“Applications”
Allow user to model a bearing application, calculate load and life results, and select bearing to meet dimension and life requirements.
Also contains a function to display ISO standard tolerances for bearing seat diameters.
“Reference tables”
Shows properties of Materials and Lubricants used by the program. Also allows the user to define custom Materials and Lubricants. It also contains an Internet link to the on–line Timken Products Catalogue page.
“Quit”
Exit the Timken Bearing Selection Guide

8. 2. Configuring the TBSG Setting the Language
Enables user to select the language used within the Timken Bearing Selection Guide.
Global Bearing Search
The Global Bearing Search feature permits the user to select bearing part numbers meeting specified criteria across multiple bearing types
Unit Converter
This permits the user to convert a number of quantities between Metric and Imperial unit systems.
User Preferences
To change preferences on the local computer, select User Preferences from the Utilities menu on the main screen.

9. 2. Configuring the TBSG Conversion Tool
Select the category of units to convert from the tabs at the top of the window, then type the number to convert in the appropriate box. A unit conversion to the other system will be done automatically.

10. 2. Configuring the TBSG
Click on the Utilities menu on the main screen, then click on the Languages sub-menu to see a list of options. Choose the language you prefer by clicking on its entry from the list of options
The following languages are available:
English
Français (French)
Deutsch (German)
Español (Spanish)
Italiano (Italian)
(Simplified Chinese)

11. 2. Configuring the TBSG User Preferences
To change preferences on the local computer, enter the following information:
User Name - Your name
Company - Your company or organization
Language Preference - The default language you prefer to see when using the Timken Bearing Selection Guide.
Unit System - The default unit system you prefer to use when analyzing bearings

12. 2. Configuring the TBSG About…
This menu item opens a window to show version information about the Timken Bearing Selection Guide installed on the computer. It also shows an important message concerning the use of this software.

13. 3. Overview of the TBSG
“Single Row”, “Double Row”, and “Thrust Bearings” lists
Selecting a bearing type permits the user to view a list of bearings of that type.
From this list, selection criteria can be applied and performance predictions can be calculated.
Click the "down" arrow ( ) to expand any of these selections further. If the list becomes too long, a scroll bar will appear to permit review of the entire list, or the expanded selections can be collapsed using the "up" arrow ( ).
Click here

14. 3. Overview of the TBSG Bearing application
This feature provide the ability to create a bearing application model utilizing several bearings and calculate bearing loads and lives for more than one bearing.
Calculations for a single bearing use the functions listed in the bearing types sections.
ISO Tolerances
This feature provides values of selected ISO tolerances and fits for given shaft and hole dimensions.

15. 3. Overview of the TBSG

16. 3. Overview of the TBSG Reference Tables
Shows properties of Materials and Lubricants used by the program. Also allows the user to define custom Materials and Lubricants.
It also contains an Internet link to the on–line Timken Products Catalogue page.

17. 3. Overview of the TBSG
Material Table – shows material properties used and also permits the user to define specific material properties that can be used for shaft and housing calculations.

18. 3. Overview of the TBSG Custom Material Definition Add a new record
Material Name - This should be descriptive, to help the user identify the material elsewhere in the program.
Young's Modulus - Sometimes referred to as the Modulus of Elasticity, this value can be entered in the current input units selected on the main screen of the Timken Bearing Selection Guide. Although not editable, the corresponding value in the other units system is calculated and displayed for reference.
Poisson's Ratio - This value has no units, and therefore is only shown once (rather than once in each unit system).
Comments (optional) - These are available to enter more details than are reasonable to include in the Material Name.

19. 3. Overview of the TBSG
User-defined materials are differentiated from the default materials by a check in the "Updatable" column. Only user-defined materials are editable from within the Timken Bearing Selection Guide.
Move to the first material in the current list.
Move to the previous material in the current list.
Move to the next material in the current list.
Move to the last material in the current list.

20. 3. Overview of the TBSG
Add a new record - This permits the user to define a new material and add it to the list.
Delete selected record - This will ask for confirmation before removing the currently-selected material from the list. It is only valid for user-defined materials.
Edit selected record - This permits the user to modify any of the characteristics of the currently-selected material, including the name, material properties, and comments

21. 3. Overview of the TBSG
User-defined lubricants are differentiated from the default lubricants by a check in the "Updatable" column. Only user-defined lubricants are editable from the Timken Bearing Selection Guide.
Lubricant Table – shows available lubricant properties and also permits the user to define specific lubricant properties that can be used in other Timken Bearing Selection Guide components.

22. 3. Overview of the TBSG Custom Lubricant Definition Add a new record
Lubricant Name - This should be descriptive, to help the user identify the lubricant elsewhere in the program.
Viscosity (2 entries) - These are the viscosities of the lubricant at the two specified temperatures. Although not editable, corresponding viscosities in the other units system are calculated and displayed for reference.
Comments (optional) - These are available to enter more details than are reasonable to include in the Lubricant Name.

23. 3. Overview of the TBSG
TBSG III Home - link to the Timken Bearing Selection Guide 3 Home Page on the Timken.com internet web site.
Timken Catalog, which provides a link to the on-line Timken
Products Catalog page on the Timken.com internet web site.

24. 3. Overview of the TBSG
Selecting any of these bearing types permits the user to view a list of bearings of that type.
From this list, selection criteria can be applied and performance predictions can be calculated. Depending on the bearing type, additional options may be available.
Drawing
Can be exported (to a .DXF or .PDF file), copied to the clipboard, or printed.
Information window
Gives a comprehensive description of the values appearing on the drawing.
List of dimensions
which also contains search (filter) and sort functions
Function tabs
Show calculation functions that are available for this bearing type.

25. 3. Overview of the TBSG Filter function Sort function
Filtering options include the following:
To filter for parts containing a specific value in a particular column, choose that value from the lower part of the list.
To remove any existing filter for this column only, select (All).
To define more complex filter criteria, such as a range or partial match, select (Custom).
To find part numbers where a value is missing in a particular column, select (Blanks). Similarly, select (Non blanks) to find part numbers where a value is present in that column.

26. 3. Overview of the TBSG
To send a printout of data from one page of an Individual Bearing Calculations function (or all of those functions available for the selected bearing) to a printer, click on the Print button
Print Current Page allows the user to export results from the active Individual Bearing Calculation function. Note that the List function shows details of the currently-selected bearing, not the entire list of parts.
Print All Pages allows the user to export results from all available Individual Bearing Calculation functions for the currently-selected bearing.

27. 3. Overview of the TBSG AutoScale
By default, the Timken Bearing Selection Guide will resize the drawing to an integral scale in an effort to show the bearing as large as possible on the printed page, while still preserving the scaled dimensions. This scale is shown in the Drawing Scale box.
Custom Scale
To manually change the scale of the drawing, select a different scale from the Drawing Scale drop-down box. Depending on the size of bearing, certain scales may not be applicable (causing the drawing to be unreasonably small, or to exceed the size of the printed page).

28. 3. Overview of the TBSG Show Dimensions
This will add nominal values for primary envelope dimensions to the drawing. This cannot be selected at the same time as Show Symbols, so selecting one will de-select the other.
Show Symbols
This will add primary envelope
dimensions to the drawing. Each dimension will be labelled with a symbol
This cannot be selected at the same time as Show Dimensions, so selecting one will de-select the other.
Show Frame
This will add a Timken frame to the drawing, which adds not only the bearing part number in the title block, but also lists specific bearing characteristics in the lower left of the drawing.
Print Bearing Tolerances
Available only when Show Frame is selected, this will add "standard" tolerances for bearing envelope dimensions to the drawing when printed. Note that these "standard" tolerances apply to a basic class of the bearing, and are not representative of other bearing
classes or special product.

29. 3. Overview of the TBSG Hatching
This will replace the solid color of the bearing rings with hatching (parallel lines).
Bearing Section Color
This permits the user to select a solid color to fill the bearing rings in the drawing.
Changing the color of the bearing section will de-select the Hatching option.
Output
Once the drawing is formatted appropriately, it can be exported in one of four formats.

30. 3. Overview of the TBSG Printer
This allows the user to print the drawing out on paper.
.DXF File
This exports the basic bearing geometry (without any frame or dimensions) to a .DXF file, which can be used by many CAD programs to insert the bearing into an application drawing.
Adobe® PDF Document
This exports the drawing to an Adobe® PDF Document.
Note that the internal geometry of the bearing is not exact. This data is proprietary to the Timken Company, but is shown to approximate values to help the user with bearing sizing and system layout.
Clipboard
This copies the drawing, complete with selected features, as a picture to the Windows clipboard.

31. 3. Overview of the TBSG Interactive Zoom
To zoom in on the drawing (increase the size being displayed without changing the scale), double-click on the drawing with the left mouse button.
To zoom out on the drawing (reducing the displayed size), double-click on the drawing with the right mouse button.
Selective Zoom
To quickly resize the drawing (but not the scale) to a specific value, select an option from the Zoom drop-down menu. The Whole Page and Page Width options will scale the drawing to fit the available space on the screen (either in both directions or only in the horizontal direction). The percentage options define a specific zoom level.
Move / Pan
If the zoom level is high enough that the entire drawing is not visible, click on the drawing and drag the mouse to view different parts of the drawing.

32. 3. Overview of the TBSG Global Bearing Search menu
The Global Bearing Search button permits the user to select bearing part numbers meeting specified criteria across multiple bearing types.

33. 3. Overview of the TBSG Global Search
All of the bearing types in the list are selected by default.
Un-check any bearing types that should be excluded from the search.
Select Bearing Type
This option operates identically to the Global Search option, except that all
bearing types are initially de-selected, allowing the user to select the target types.
Once the target bearing types are selected, click the Next >> button to go to the
Parameters screen.

34. 3. Overview of the TBSG Global search Part Number contains
Enter an alphanumeric string to search for within a part number.
The search is not case-sensitive. In addition, some part numbers contain hyphens, which are ignored in the search string.
Leave this field blank to not constrain the search by part number.

35. 3. Overview of the TBSG Global search Bore [Min and Max]
Enter the target range of bore dimensions in the
active unit system. Leave any value as zero (0) to ignore that constraint. So, a search with "Bore (Min) = 200" and "Bore (Max) = 0" in metric units will return bearings with a bore dimension of 200 millimetres or greater. Leave both values as zero (0) to not constrain the results by bore.
Outside Diameter [Min and Max]
Enter the target range of Outer Diameter dimensions in the active unit system, similar to the bore constraint.
Leave both values as zero (0) to not constrain the results by outer diameter.
Bearing Overall Width [Min and Max]
Enter the target range of Overall Width dimensions in the active unit system, similar to the Bore constraint.
Leave both values as zero (0) to not constrain the results by width.

36. 3. Overview of the TBSG Global search Note:
Dynamic Rating (C1) [Min and Max]
Enter the target range of Bearing Rating (dynamic "load" capacity) in the active unit system. Leave both values as zero (0) to not constrain the results by rating. Note that the C1 rating (based on 1 million revolutions) is used for all selections, which should not be confused with the C90 rating (based on 90 million revolutions), which is sometimes used for Tapered Roller Bearings. To convert between the two, use the equation C1 = 3.86 x C90 for Timken Tapered Roller Bearings.
Note:
To make changes in the list of selected bearing types, click the << Previous
button. When finished, click the Next >> button to go to the Results screen.

37. 3. Overview of the TBSG Results screen
Results are grouped by bearing type, as shown by the icons to the right of the screen. Click on a bearing type at the right of the screen to view the list of results for that bearing type (some may have no results).
Bearing list
Click on the up and down arrows at the bottom of the list to scroll through other bearing types if not all are listed.

38. 3. Overview of the TBSG Select an Existing Query
When one or more custom queries are saved, the user can choose the Select an Existing Query option to quickly access a previous set of constraints. Both the list of bearing types and the selection criteria are saved.

39. 3. Overview of the TBSG Select a Query
Choose the name of the query from the drop-down box.
This will restore the bearing type choices for that query, allowing the user to make any changes before clicking the Next >> button.
On the Parameters screen, any predefined selection criteria for this query are also filled in, again allowing the user make any changes before clicking the Next >> button and viewing the results.

40. 3. Overview of the TBSG Manage Queries button
Allows the user to view a list of saved queries.
To change the name of a custom query, select it from the list by left-clicking on it, and click the Edit button.
To remove a custom query from the list, select it from the list by left-clicking on it, and click the Delete button.

41. 3. Overview of the TBSG
To change the name of a custom query, select it from the list by left-clicking on it, and click the Edit button.

42. 3. Overview of the TBSG
To remove a custom query from the list, select it from the list by left-clicking on it, and click the Delete button.

43. 4. Individual bearing calculations
List - also contains search, filter, and sort functions
Frequencies - can be used to diagnose bearing damage within an application
Fitting Practice - suggested bearing seat tolerances for various conditions
Install Calc. – calculations useful for installation of bearing inner & outer rings
Bearing Life – L10 life and adjustment factors for a single bearing (for multiple-bearing life predictions, see Applications)
Rolling Torque, which estimates the amount of torque generated by the bearing under operating conditions
Tolerances, which defines the tolerances on boundary dimensions for the selected bearing
Clearance Calculations, which predict the effect of temperature and tight fits on bearing clearance or setting

44. 4. Individual bearing calculation
Fundamental Frequencies
This feature is available for all bearing types. It is not displayed for the list of needle roller bearing inner rings, as they are not meant to serve as bearing elements on their own, but rather are designed to be used in conjunction with another bearing. To determine fundamental frequencies on assemblies containing these needle roller bearing inner rings, access the Frequencies tab of the primary bearing being used.
Geometry
Approximate information for internal geometry for the part number selected.
Plot
Displays the fundamental frequencies whose variable names
are checked at the top of the plot, for speeds ranging from zero to the
Operating Speed. Note that f0 and f1 have the same value.

45. 4. Individual bearing calculation
Bearing information
Gives basic part number and boundary dimensions.
Operating Speed
For evaluation of a range of frequencies, enter the maximum value to be studied,
Frequency Coefficients
The five frequency coefficients -
abbreviated BPFI, BPFO, BSF, FTFI, and FTFO - are based on the
geometry of the bearing, and are not speed-dependent. Multiply
these coefficients by (RPM / 60) to obtain a frequency in revolutions
per second (Hertz) for a particular defect type.
Frequencies
This shows a number of frequencies, labelled f0 to f6, which may occur as a result of various conditions, including eccentricity, out of round, damage (nicks or spalls), and size variation.
Speeds - This shows the relative speed between various components in the bearing (Inner Ring, Outer Ring, Cage, and Roller).

46. 4. Individual bearing calculation
Fitting Practice
This feature is available for all bearing types except Needle Roller and Cage Assemblies (which do not have inner or outer rings). It provides suggested fitting practices for certain application conditions. While final selection of fitting practice must be based on experience, installation requirements, and bearing performance, these guidelines can be used as a starting point.
Bearing class input.
Defines the tolerances on the bore or outer diameter of the selected bearing.
Ring selection
The selected ring is highlighted in a blue color within the small picture.

47. 4. Individual bearing calculation
Note: The field “Conditions” shows options only after the rotating / stationary shaft selection is made.
Rotating/Stationary Shaft
Select whether or not the shaft and the inner ring are rotating.
Conditions
Select whether the inner ring needs to be easily displaced (axially) on the
shaft.

48. 4. Individual bearing calculation
Results
Suggested fitting practice.
Both the inner ring bore (or outer ring OD) and the suggested shaft (or housing) dimensions for the bearing seat are listed, as well as the resulting fit.

49. 4. Individual bearing calculation
Tapered Roller Bearings
One additional field is present on inner ring (cone) fitting practice for Tapered Roller Bearings:
The field is named “Loading conditions”
Shaft Surface
Select whether or not the shaft is ground at the location of the bearing seat.
Loading Condition
Select the application type or load levels.

50. 4. Individual bearing calculation
Spherical Roller Bearings
One additional field is present for Spherical roller Bearings when housing fitting practice is selected and
“Stationary Inner Ring Load” is selected for shaft fitting practice:
The field is named “Examples”
Examples
Select the most similar application

51. 4. Individual bearing calculation
Installation Calculations
This feature is available for all bearing types except Needle Roller and Cage Assemblies (which do not have inner or outer rings) and Thrust Bearings.
It calculates a number of values that can be used to evaluate installation forces to assemble bearing rings on shafts or into housings, as well as certain dimensional changes and contact pressures under tight fits, axial loading, or (for some outputs) both at the same time.
Inner Ring Fit
Define the minimum and maximum fit for the selected bearing ring.
Negative values denote tight fits, while a value of zero denotes a line-to-line or loose fit.
Shaft or Housing information
This includes a shaft inner diameter or housing outer diameter, a friction coefficient between the bearing and shaft or housing diameters, and the name of the shaft or housing material.
Note:
If the Fitting Practice function was used previously, those fits are automatically transferred over to the Installation Calculations function.

52. 4. Individual bearing calculation
Review of input data
This section displays the inputs used to perform the calculations.
Fit Effects Only - This section considers only the effects of tight fits, if entered. These results are generally focused on the forces required to press the ring onto the shaft or into the housing.
Fit + Axial Load Effects
This section (visible for tapered roller bearings only) calculates a few values which consider both fits and axial loading.
These results focus on how the shaft or housing is influenced by these two
effects.
Axial Load Effects
Only present for tapered roller bearings. These results consider the impact on the bearing ring and the shaft or housing of applied axial load after the bearings are installed.
Line-to-line (zero) or tight (negative) fits are expected as the starting state
for these calculations.
If the contact pressure between the bearing inner ring and the shaft is more than
10% different than the value that would be calculated with a solid steel shaft, a
warning message is displayed. This reminds the user that the "holding" pressure
between these two components may require additional evaluation to ensure that
it meets the needs of the application.

53. 4. Individual bearing calculation
Bearing Life
This feature is available for all bearing types. It permits the user to describe loads applied to a bearing, as well as a limited description of the local environment, and calculate a catalogue bearing life.
The bearing capacity (rating) –
C1 for a 1 million revolution baseline, C90 for a 90 million revolution baseline – is listed to the right of the inputs.
Lubrication Factor - If this box is checked, the Catalogue Lubricant-Life Adjustment factor will be applied to the result.
If unchecked, this factor will be fixed at 1.
Once sufficient input data are present, the results are updated in the lower part of the screen.
Radial Load
This is the radial load applied to the bearing, if the bearing type supports radial load.
Lubricant Name
Select a lubricant from the list. If the required lubricant name is not yet defined, see the Custom Lubricant Definition feature for instructions on defining properties for a new lubricant.
Operating Speed
This is the relative speed between the bearing rings.
No differentiation between a rotating inner ring or a rotating outer ring is made at the catalogue analysis level.
Low Load factor
If this box is checked, the Catalogue Low Load Life Adjustment factor will be applied to the result. If un-checked, this factor
will be fixed at 1.
Operating Temperature
This is the temperature of the lubricant within the bearing, used to calculate the viscosity of the selected lubricant. This viscosity is used when determining lubricant film thickness and the resulting separation of the rolling element and the raceways.
Axial Load
This is the axial load applied to the bearing, if the bearing type supports axial load.
Lubrication Type
Select whether the bearing is oil- or grease-lubricated.
This impacts the calculation of the lubrication-life adjustment factor.

54. 4. Individual bearing calculation
Single-Bearing Life
This feature is available for all bearing types. It permits the user to describe loads applied to a bearing, as well as a limited description of the local environment, and calculate a catalogue bearing life.
Lubricant-Life Adjustment Factor – a3l
Adjustment to the Catalogue L10 life that considers the effects of lubricant films within the bearing.
Adjusted L10 Life
This is [L10 Life] x [a3l] x [a3p], or the Catalogue L10 life multiplied by the Lubricant-Life Adjustment Factor and the Low Load Factor.
Cg Factor - This is a constant specific to each bearing, defined by the bearing geometry, and used for the purposes of calculating a
lubricant-life adjustment factor.
Low Load Factor - a3p
Adjustment to the Catalogue L10 life that
considers the fact that bearing life has been shown to exceed the standard catalogue life calculations at lighter loads, when other environmental conditions permit.

55. 4. Individual bearing calculation
Rolling Torque
This feature is available for Single Row and Double Row Tapered Roller Bearings. It provides an estimate of roller-raceway torque under user-defined conditions. Torque created at the contact between the cone large rib and the roller large end is not included, but the applied speed and load are used to
determine whether this value would be significant.
Rolling Torque Results
o Operating Temperature
Predicted viscosity of the selected lubricant at the user-defined operating temperature.
o Bearing Torque
Estimated roller-raceway torque when the bearing is operating under the specified conditions.
o Heat Generation (power loss)
Combines the Bearing Torque and the Operating Speed to predict the power consumed by the bearing under the specified conditions.
For a plot of the results versus speed, click on the Graphic tab.

56. 4. Individual bearing calculation
Modify the range of values to be considered on the x-axis.
Plotting parameter
Plot Torque or Power versus one of four inputs:
Speed
Temperature
Radial Load
Axial Load
The other inputs are kept constant.
Note the warning at the bottom of the screen. As with the numeric results, estimated torque values (and therefore, the power values derived from them) are under-predicted below a certain speed threshold.

57. 4. Individual bearing calculation
Tolerances
This function allows selection of precision classes for some bearing types:
For Cylindrical and Spherical Roller Bearings, this includes RBEC classes 1, 5, and 6.
For Tapered Roller Bearings, this includes classes K, N, C, B, A, and AA for metric-class product, and classes 4, 2, 3, 0, 00, and 000 for inch-class product.
Only one class is available for Ball Bearings and Needle Bearings.
Select Bearing Class

58. 4. Individual bearing calculation
Clearance Calculations
This function is available for all bearing types except Needle Roller bearings and Thrust Bearings. It can be used to calculate the effects on internal clearance or setting of mounting fits and temperature differences considering shaft and housing material properties.
Shaft Inner Diameter (ds)
Inner diameter of the shaft at the location of the bearing inner ring.
Spacer Width Tolerance (SWT)
Amount that the Bench End Play can vary from the nominal value described above. It is expected to be a bilateral tolerance, such that the Bench End Play value is the mean, and can vary by the Spacer Width Tolerance in either direction.
So, the overall Bench End Play Range is (BEP - SWT) to (BEP + SWT).
Bench End Play (BEP)
Axial setting between the two bearings in a "free" (or "bench") state, before the bearing rings are installed on the shaft and into the housing. Only positive values (representing clearance or endplay) and zero (representing line-to-line contact) are permitted.
Note that Bench End Play is designated in inch units.
Housing Outer Diameter (dH)
Outer diameter of the housing at the location of the bearing outer ring. The default value is set to approximately ten times (10x) the bearing outer diameter.
Bearing Spread (L)
Distance between the centres of the
two cups. For Double Row Tapered Roller Bearings, this is automatically defined by the product geometry, so this entry is not editable. For pairs of Single Row Tapered Roller Bearings, it must be entered by the user.
Inner Fit (ds)
Two fit values should be entered for the inner ring, describing the range of possible fits that can occur with the given tolerance structure. Only tight fits are used for these calculations, so any loose fits will be treated the same as zero fits (line-to-line).
Mounting
Determines the relative orientation of the two bearing rows. For Double Row Tapered Roller Bearings, this is automatically defined by the product geometry, so this entry is not visible.
Outer Fit (dh)
Similarly, two fit values should be entered for the outer ring, describing the range of possible fits that can occur with the given tolerance structure.
Temperature Gradient
Difference between the shaft and
housing temperatures, or the difference between the inner ring and outer ring temperatures.

59. 4. Individual bearing calculation
Radial Internal Clearance (RIC)
Enter the minimum and maximum radial internal clearance values for the bearings.
Allows the user to view the equations being used to calculate the change in clearance or setting within this part of the program.
This stop sign appears as a warning if the fits are entered in the opposite order (the Loosest fit is tighter than the Tightest fit).

60. 4. Individual bearing calculation
Mounted Clearance or Mounted End Play (MEP)
Expected clearance or setting in the bearing after installation, with all components at ambient temperature. For Double Row Tapered Roller Bearings, the overall range will also be further expanded by the spacer width tolerance. Negative values indicate an interference or preload state, while positive values indicate a clearance or endplay state.
Clearance Loss or Lateral Loss (Fi + Fo)
Sum of the Inner Fit Effect and Outer Fit Effect. It represents the total reduction in clearance or setting.
Outer Fit Effect (Fo)
Amount of clearance or setting lost due to a tight fit (if any) of the outer ring.
Values are always positive
Inner Fit Effect (Fi)
Amount of clearance or setting lost due to a tight fit (if any) of the inner ring.
Values are always positive.
RIC or MEP with Temperature Effect
Final expected clearance or setting after the bearing rings have been installed into the system, and the components are heated to operating temperatures.
It is equal to the Mounted Clearance or Mounted End Play minus the Temperature Effect
Temperature Effect (T)
Amount of clearance or setting lost due to differences in temperatures between the shaft (with inner rings) and the housing (with outer rings).

61. 5. Application analysis
The Application Analysis section allows the user model a bearing application consisting of bearings and gears on a shaft and a duty cycle of loads and speeds.
Two (radial) bearing positions are defined, with optional thrust bearing positions.
Gear forces, bearing loads and bearing lives are calculated and a report is created.
The user can also define dimensional and minimum bearing life constraints for programmed bearing search and selection at the radial bearing positions.

62. 5. Application analysis 5.1 Manage applications
To select an existing application from the list, click on the row containing the application.
When selected, a sketch of the shaft within the
application appears in the lower part of the screen, allowing the user a visual confirmation of the selection.

63. 5. Application analysis 5.1 Manage applications
Export selected application
This saves a copy of the currently-selected application to an external “.mdb type” database file. This exported application file can then be shared with other users of the Timken Bearing Selection Guide 3.
Duplicate selected application
This creates a copy of the application that is currently highlighted in the list. This could be used to evaluate changes in application design options, or as an aid to defining a similar application.

64. 5. Application analysis 5.1 Manage applications
Import an application file - “file type” suffix will be “.mdb”
This allows a user to “import” an application file from another user to the local list.
Imported applications have the word “(Imported)” appended to the application name.
To import applications from the 2003 Timken Tapered Roller Bearing Guide (TRBSG) v2.0a, select Import TRBSG 2 Application Files from the Utilities menu on the main screen. .
NOTE: some anti-virus protection software does not allow import of “.mdb” files as attachments.
The “Text File” Export / Import options can be used as an alternative to “.mdb” files.

65. 5. Application analysis
5.2 Define Input Data for an Application – Application definition
This data can be filled in according to the user's own categorization system.
Click the Next >> button to go to the Shaft Definition screen.
Indicates the progression of the data entry step by step

66. 5. Application analysis
5.2 Define Input Data for an Application – Shaft definition
This screen allows the user to define the geometry of the shaft within the application.
To add a segment to the right end of the shaft, click the Add button.
This adds a new row to the end of the list, allowing the user to enter the geometry of that shaft segment.
To remove a segment, select it by clicking once on the row that describes it, then click on the Delete button.
Shaft geometry is built up as a series of one or more cylindrical segments, ordered from left to right. All shafts start with the left end at X=0.
X=0
NOTE: The catalog application analysis method does not consider shaft bending analysis,
but a well-modelled shaft helps in visualization of the application.

67. 5. Application analysis
5.2 Define Input Data for an Application – Shaft definition
This can be used for generating approximate shaft geometry, or for creating a rough shaft design that is later refined using the numeric inputs above.
Click and drag any of those handles to resize the shaft segment.

68. 5. Application analysis
5.2 Define Input Data for an Application – Shaft definition
Click on the Redraw button to restore the
drawing to a scale that permits the entire shaft to be seen at once.
Click the Zoom button to look at part of the shaft in more detail, then click and drag on the sketch to form a box around the section of interest. The display then zooms in to that section of the sketch.
If clicking on a shaft segment in the picture does not select it, the Zoom feature may be active.
In this case, click the Normal button to restore the default cursor.

69. 5. Application analysis
5.2 Define Input Data for an Application – Shaft definition
Zoom view

70. 5. Application analysis
5.2 Define Input Data for an Application – Gear definition
This screen permits the user to define any gears that are present within the application.
If there are no gears (loading is from other external sources), click the Next >> button to continue on to the Loading Data screen.
To add a gear to the end of the list, click the Add button.
Next >> button

71. 5. Application analysis
5.2 Define Input Data for an Application – Gear definition
To change the geometry or location of a specific gear, click on the row that contains the information for that gear, and click the Edit button.
Click on a particular value (such as the Location or Pressure Angle) in the row corresponding to a specific gear, and edit it directly in the table.
A double-click on the sketch of the gear in the drawing will have the same effect as Edit button
To remove a gear, click on the row that contains the information for that gear, and click the Delete button.
A confirmation warning is shown before deleting the gear.

72. 5. Application analysis
5.2 Define Input Data for an Application – Gear definition
Enter the appropriate data for the selected gear. Basic gear information is entered in the top part of the screen.
Additional gear information is listed in the lower section, if required for the selected gear type.
This lower section is labeled "Cylindrical", "Bevel", "Worm gearing", or "Hypoid", depending on the category of gear selected under Gear Type
When completed, click on button

73. 5. Application analysis
5.2 Define Input Data for an Application – Load definition
This screen permits the user to define a duty cycle. It may contain multiple conditions, each occurring for some percentage of the time, and each condition can contain external loads as well as power or torque transmitted through gears.
To add a new condition to the duty cycle, click the Add button to place the new condition at the end of the cycle.
Click the Insert button to add a new condition immediately above the currently-selected condition.

74. 5. Application analysis
5.2 Define Input Data for an Application – Load definition
To modify a condition, select it and click the Edit button.
To remove a condition, select it and click the Delete button.

75. 5. Application analysis
5.2 Define Input Data for an Application – Load definition
Percent of time
This is the relative amount of time that the application spends in the current condition.
If there is only one condition defined, and
the application operates under those parameters constantly, enter 100.
The sum of the percent time values for all conditions is shown at the bottom of the list.
No weighted lives can be calculated if the total time for all conditions does not add up to 100%.
Magnitude
This is the amount of power or torque applied to each gear that has a defined mesh point in this condition
Condition Comment
This is used to identify a specific duty cycle condition
External loads only
Check this box if the only forces on the system are from user defined external loads.
Doing so will disable the two entries for the Magnitude line, which are only used when forces are derived from torque transmitted through gears
Direction of rotation –
As viewed from the left end of the shaft (looking in the "+x" direction), this is the direction of rotation for the shaft in this condition.

76. 5. Application analysis
5.2 Define Input Data for an Application – Load definition
The Location and Angle conventions are illustrated in the picture in the lower part of the screen
Select the Force Type first (RADIAL or AXIAL) to configure the proper inputs on the rest of the screen.
An axial external force is defined by a Location (along the x-axis), its Magnitude, and the Angle at which it is applied, as well as a Radius that determines its offset from the shaft centerline.
A radial external force is defined by a Location (along the x-axis), its Magnitude (which must be positive), and the Angle at which it is applied.

77. 5. Application analysis
5.2 Define Input Data for an Application – Load definition
Notes:
All forces are considered to be acting on the shaft (and not on the housing or directly on the bearings, although forces can be applied to the shaft at the bearing locations).
An external force must be defined separately for each condition in which it occurs. If external forces for the wrong condition are shown, select the proper condition at the top of the screen first before proceeding.
Forces created by power or torque transmitted through the gears should not be entered here if the power or torque is defined in the next section along with the gear mesh points. Gear forces will be automatically calculated in that case and applied to the system.
External forces can be defined as radial or axial. If the loads on the shaft in a particular condition contain both axial and radial components (or more than one of the same kind), multiple external force entries should be defined for that condition.
To simulate loads applied to a common housing between all bearing positions, instead of the shaft, reverse the direction of the applied forces in this model. So, to obtain the correct bearing reactions for a radial load applied to the housing, enter a radial load applied to the shaft at 180° from the angle at which the load is actually applied to the housing, and at the same x-location.

78. 5. Application analysis
5.2 Define Input Data for an Application – Load definition
If at least one gear has been defined, and a Power or Torque value has been
defined for the current condition, points where the gears are in mesh ("gear mesh points") can be defined in the Power Flow section of the screen.

79. 5. Application analysis
5.2 Define Input Data for an Application – Load definition
Gear name - Select the name of a gear that is transmitting power or torque.
Power Factor - Choose whether or not this particular gear mesh point is driving (applying force to another gear) or driven (being acted upon by another gear).
Percent of Power - In many cases, all of the power defined for this condition is transmitted through the specified gear mesh. In that case, a value of 100 should be entered here. If only part of the specified power (or torque) is being transmitted at the current gear mesh point, a smaller percentage can be entered instead.
Mesh Angle - Enter the angle where the selected gear is in mesh with a mating gear on another shaft (The mating gear is not represented in this single-shaft model.) This angle is measured clockwise from the top of the shaft, as viewed from the left end of the shaft (looking in the "+x"
direction). This is illustrated in the sketch at the bottom of the screen.

80. 5. Application analysis
5.2 Define Input Data for an Application – Load definition
Notes:
A single gear may have more than one mesh point. An idler gear, for instance, would typically have both a driving mesh point and a driven mesh point. These would be represented by two separate power flow entries at different angles.
If there are multiple gears on a shaft, power will often enter through one gear (with Power Factor set to "DRIVEN") and exit through another gear (with Power Factor set to "DRIVING").
However, if the power is split (multiple input or multiple outputs), a separate power flow entry is required or each active gear mesh point, and the percentage distribution of power among the multiple inputs or outputs must be defined by the Percent of Power values for each.

81. 5. Application analysis
5.2 Define Input Data for an Application – Load definition
For duty cycles with multiple conditions, it may be helpful to view a summary of
the speed and power (or torque) defined for each condition.
To generate a Loading Cycle plot, click on the Graph button.

82. 5. Application analysis
5.2 Define Input Data for an Application – Load definition
Bearing rotational speed plot
Magnitude (power or torque) plot

83. 5. Application analysis
5.2 Define Input Data for an Application – Bearing definition
The final input screen of the Application Analysis feature allows the user to define individual bearing positions. Initially, only the shaft, gears, and external forces are shown. Bearings must be added to complete the model.

84. 5. Application analysis
5.2 Define Input Data for an Application – Bearing definition
Bearing Position Definition Rules (Catalog Method Calculations)
Valid system configurations must follow these rules:
Two radial bearing positions are required
Single Row Tapered Roller bearings must be used in opposed (apex direction) pairs
Spherical, Ball, and (some) Cylindrical bearings can support axial load, but only one position of the two can be “FIXED” to support axial load
Two thrust (support axial load only) bearings can be defined
If thrust positions are defined, both radial bearing positions must be FLOATING
A thrust bearing can only support axial load in one direction
Both thrust positions cannot support axial load in the same direction
The icons of bearing types which cannot be added to the current configuration are "grayed out".
To add in a bearing type that is currently grayed out, first remove one or more bearing positions from the current model.

85. 5. Application analysis
5.2 Define Input Data for an Application – Bearing definition
To add a new bearing position to the application, click on the corresponding bearing type icon from the list at the left of the screen.
To make a copy of an existing bearing position, select that bearing by clicking on it once, then click on the Copy button that appears near the top of the screen.
To delete an existing bearing position, select that bearing by clicking on it once, then click on the Delete button that appears near the top of the screen.
To change the direction of a bearing (if available for this bearing type), select that bearing by clicking on it once, then click on the Flip button that appears near the top of the screen.

86. 5. Application analysis
5.2 Define Input Data for an Application – Bearing definition X
To modify a bearing, double-click on its image from the main sketch in the middle of the screen.
To move a bearing, Click on its image from the main sketch and drag it along the shaft

87. 5. Application analysis
5.2 Define Input Data for an Application – Bearing definition
Location Reference
This determines the geometric point or face on the bearing that will be used to define its axial location.
Location
This is the x-coordinate in the model where the specified bearing point or face (defined under Location Reference) is located.
Operating Temperature
This is the overall, steady-state temperature of the lubricant (oil or grease) within the bearing during operating conditions.
Shaft OD at Location
This is not editable by the user, but displays the outer diameter of the shaft at the specified Location coordinate.

88. 5. Application analysis
5.2 Define Input Data for an Application – Bearing definition
Status
FIXED or FLOATING mounting options are available for most radial bearing types and determine if the bearing at this position can support axial loads.
A FIXED (can support axial load) bearing is shown with an "X" symbol at the center line.
A FLOATING (cannot support axial load) bearing is shown with a "="symbol at the center line.

89. 5. Application analysis
5.2 Define Input Data for an Application – Bearing definition
Style (for Tapered Roller TS or TSF Bearings only )
The two options are SINGLE APEX LEFT and SINGLE APEX RIGHT which determine the direction that this bearing row is facing.
Axial Load (Cylindrical Roller Bearings) - This determines the direction(s) in which a bearing can support axial load. This is a function of the flanges (or ribs) on the two rings. If the flange configuration of this particular bearing selection cannot support any axial load (such as when one of the rings has no flanges), choose NOT SUPPORTED.
SINGLE APEX RIGHT
SINGLE APEX LEFT

90. 5. Application analysis
5.2 Define Input Data for an Application – Bearing definition
Axial Load (Thrust Bearings) - This determines the direction in which a thrust bearing can support axial load. Select TO THE LEFT or TO THE RIGHT, depending on whether axial loads to the left or to the right on the shaft can be supported by this bearing.

91. 5. Application analysis
5.2 Define Input Data for an Application – Bearing definition
Bearing Search
To select a bearing based on envelope dimensions, click the Bearing Search button
Enter the target range for the Bore, Outside Diameter, and Width of the bearing, and click the Look up button to generate a list in the table below. Notice that the default range for the bore is +/-10% of the Shaft OD at Location value listed on the previous screen.

92. 5. Application analysis
5.2 Define Input Data for an Application – Bearing definition
Bearing Selection
To select a bearing based on envelope dimensions and required life, click the Bearing Selection button

93. 5. Application analysis
5.2 Define Input Data for an Application – Bearing definition
Result window
Area for display of Left position search results.
Result window
Area for display of Right position search results.
Constraint parameters
Enter the target range for the Bore, Outside Diameter, and Width of the bearing, as well as the Minimum Adjusted Weighted Life.
Options
Click here to define the bearing positions to be considered in the selection.
Life calculations
Depending on the bearing candidates selected (highlighted in Blue), the results of the bearing life calculations are given here.
Search to start the process
To use the selected bearings, click on the “Accept” button.

94. 5. Application analysis 5.3 Calculation results Note:
Bearing loads and life predictions calculated by the Timken Bearing Selection Guide are based on the methods and formulas described in the Timken Products Catalog – Engineering Section. The effects of lubricant film and low “effective” load can be considered through two life adjustment factors.
Low Load Factor
If checked, the Timken Catalog Low Load Factor (a3p) will be applied.
Lube-Life Factor
If checked, the Timken Catalog Lubricant-Life Factor (a3l) will be applied.
Lubricant Mode
Select whether the bearings use OIL LUBRICATION or GREASE LUBRICATION.
Lubricant Selection
Choose a lubricant name from the drop-down box.
Radial - radial reaction (load) on the bearing position for this condition in the Duty Cycle
Axial - axial load on the specified bearing position for this condition in the Duty Cycle.
Lube Factor - Lubricant-Life factor (a3l) for this condition in the Duty Cycle.
Low Load Factor - Low Load factor (a3p) for this condition in the Duty Cycle.
Life - Catalog L10 Life (90% reliability) for this condition in the Duty Cycle.
Adjusted Life - adjusted Catalog L10 Life (90% reliability) for this condition in the Duty Cycle.
Based upon Catalog Life assumptions, it is the life to which 90% of a population of apparently identical bearings is expected to run before experiencing a certain amount of damage.
It considers not only the bearing load and speed, but also the Low Load and Lubricant-Life adjustment factors, if selected in the Calculation Parameters section.
Note that Radial and Axial reactions are based on certain catalog assumptions, and may not match more advanced system deflection models.

95. 5. Application analysis 5.3 Calculation results
Select the condition of interest from the Viewed Condition drop-down box.
Click the Summary button to view or print the Application Summary.
Click the << Previous button to return to the Loading Data screen.
Click the Report button to view or print the Report.

96. 5. Application analysis 5.4 Application Analysis - Summary
The Summary view is a short overview of the inputs and outputs for an Application Analysis, formatted for viewing or printing.
View of page 1
View of page 2
The first page summarizes the Duty Cycle, including information about each condition, as well as radial and axial reaction loads on each bearing position.
The second page describes additional calculation parameters and other input
information, and then lists the predicted Catalog and Adjusted Catalog lives for the bearings.

97. 5. Application analysis 5.4 Application Analysis - Summary
Move to the last page in the current report.
Click Copy to Clipboard to store the currently-visible page on the Windows clipboard, where it can then be pasted into other applications that support the copied format
Move to the next page in the current report.
Move to the previous page in the current report.
Click Save as PDF to export the report as an Adobe® PDF Document.
Move to the first page in the current report.
Set the zoom level to a particular amount or size it to fit the available screen.
Decrease the size of the display.
Increase the size of the display.

98. 5. Application analysis 5.5 Application Analysis - Report
The Report view is a detailed compilation of the inputs and outputs for an Application Analysis, formatted for viewing or printing. It is accessed by clicking the Report button from the Application Analysis Bearing Definition screen.

99. Timken Bearing Selection Guide III
Actual bearing performance is affected by many factors. Therefore, the feasibility of all bearing applications should be validated by the customer. The data in this training material is intended for reference purposes to assist your effort in selecting bearings for a given application.