1. New Participative Methodology for Sustainable Design (NPMSD) Chapter 7 SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 71

2. Introduction since ICT has become a significant mechanism for researching, searching, communication, entertainment, shopping and information and more. Information and Communications Technology (ICT) use is increasing worldwide, ICT is becoming a major problem for users and organizations nationally and internationally. Therefore, a solution should be applied to tackle and address it as a matter of urgency for the sake of the current and future generations. However, the recycling of ICT products and the energy consumption of SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 72

3. Introduction This chapter introduces and examines a New Participative Methodology for Sustainable Design. The sustainable design proposed in the New Participative Methodology for Sustainable Design was assessed via an online survey conducted in Australia. The survey outcomes confirmed the sustainable design step, and Australian users confirmed that through education and awareness, designers would learn more about sustainability and sustainable design. SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 73

4. Introduction Currently worldwide, the issues of recycling and energy consumption are causing a major dilemma by producing a carbon footprint, diseases and air pollution. Therefore, designers, academics, researchers, and individuals in general must understand their responsibility toward our planet. To tackle this problem, it is essential to raise designers’ and HCI experts’ awareness regarding their moral responsibility to create sustainable design for a sustainable future. SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 74

5. Introduction Finally, our planet is suffering, and we need to tackle the issues of recycling, raw material supply and energy consumption, since there is no plan B for our planet. This chapter presents a new methodology for sustainable design in order to safeguard our planet. This chapter is organized as follows: introduction, New Participative Methodology for Sustainable Design, and conclusion. SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 75

6. New Participative Methodology for Sustainable Design In Chapter 1, based on the literature review, the initial sustainable step identified six factors regarding sustainability, namely: design, safety, manufacture and energy, recycling, efficiency, and social needs. It is essential to consider these factors when developing a sustainable design for technology and portable devices. Hence, designers and HCI experts should include these factors in their agenda to ensure that a good sustainable design will “eventually include criteria for the creation of a healthy environment and energy efficiency”(Stelzer 2006, p. 4). SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 76

7. New Participative Methodology for Sustainable Design Further studies (Dornfeld 2014; Funk et al. 2013; Mendler and Odell 2000; McDonough and Braungart 2002; McLennan 2004; Demirbas 2009; Wang et al. 2015a; Wang et al. 2015b; Comm and Mathaisel 2015; Russell-Smith et al. 2015; Melles et al. 2015; Ramani 2010; Stelzer 2006) confirm that integrating sustainability in any business strategy including the design process, will enhance business reputation and preserve resources. Currently, sustainability and sustainable design are becoming the buzz words for users and organizations, as adopting and applying them in their strategies will be highly advantageous in terms of cost reduction, resources preservation, conformity to legislation, improvement of reputation, maintaining happier customers and stakeholders, attracting capital investment and capitalizing on new opportunities (Weybrecht 2010). Finally, Kendall and Kendall (2010) indicated that sustainability will assist businesses, education, stakeholders, individuals and society in general. SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 77

8. New Participative Methodology for Sustainable Design Today, the world population exceeds 7.2 billion, and by 2026, it will be more than 8 billion (Geoba.se; 2015). This increase will influence availability of housing, food, transportation, waste, economic, and social issues, employment the environment, and unsustainable development activities. Nowadays, there is an urgent call for sustainable development in all areas including technology and portable devices. Hence, to tackle these problems, information technology and HCI experts should provide some solutions especially in design, manufacture, energy, waste management, and recycling by integrating and adopting sustainability and sustainable design in their design strategy especially for technology and portable devices. This urgent call is essential to raise designers’ and HCI experts’ awareness regarding their moral responsibility toward sustainable development for a sustainable future. SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 78

9. New Participative Methodology for Sustainable Design The issue of sustainability does not concern only the environment, but extends to social and economic issues. Using an appropriate methodology and smart technology for designing technology and portable devices will enhance energy efficiency and reduce environmental impacts. Currently, increased usage of technology is becoming a pressing issue in the work since technology has a huge impact on the environment in terms of utilization of enormous amounts of raw materials, energy consumption, production of greenhouse gases and generation of electronic waste that harm both the planet and mankind, causing serious diseases and death (Gunn 2010; Philipson 2011; Shaw et al. 2015; Stewart and Kennedy 2009; Wiens 2013) SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 79

10. New Participative Methodology for Sustainable Design Individuals and organizations Consequently, should understand that there is not another Earth to provide us with the essential resources and raw materials for our survival. designers, users, and organizations should be mindful of the impact of their operations on the environment and take measures to become sustainable by integrating sustainability and sustainable design in their methodologies and strategies to reduce energy consumption and waste production, and keep in mind the importance of recycling. SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 710

11. New Participative Methodology for Sustainable Design Further, it is essential for designers, users, and organizations to reorient their methodologies and strategies towards sustainable design and sustainability considering the environment problems that the world is currently facing. Finally, it is important for users, organizations, HCI experts, designers to understand the impacts of their operations on the earth, particularly the technology use. Therefore, it is it is fundamental to take initiatives to address such problems by using innovative and creative sustainable solutions by educating users, organisations, HCI experts, designers, as well as top management about the importance of sustainable design and sustainability methodologies and strategies, which will increase technology performance and efficiency and reduce carbon emission as well. SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 711

12. New Participative Methodology for Sustainable Design driven by the New Participative Methodology for Marketing Websites (NPMMW) (Issa 2008). The New Participative Methodology for Sustainable Design is has been developed from various existing models of system development and methodologies including lifecycle models, information systems development methodologies, methodologies for developing websites, marketing methodologies, and additional detailed techniques. NPMMW is divided into ten stages namely: usability evaluation; functionality testing, planning, analysis, design implementation, maintenance, user participation, iteration, and content management systems. NPMMW is a contingency methodology as it allows users and designers to select the techniques, which best meet, the requirements of the website, since each website from the marketing perspective has a different goal and objectives. To meet these objectives, the development of the website requires particular experience and skills. NPMMW SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 712

13. New Participative Methodology for Sustainable Design The New Participative Methodology for Sustainable Design will use the same principle in its various stages and includes a new step in the design mainly for the purpose of sustainability. This sustainability step addresses the issues of design, manufacture and energy, recycling, safety efficiency, and social impact SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 713

14. New Participative Methodology for Sustainable Design – Sustainable Design step – Tools and Techniques The design factor aims to facilitate upgrades and recycling, and the addition of new software; most importantly, it ensures compliance with environmental standards and rules. The safety factor aims to mitigate several negative outcomes of technology usage including carbon footprint, climate global warming, diseases, and air pollution. Therefore, the new technology design should consider these issues, especially in the recycling process. The manufacture and energy factor, the new technology should tackle the energy issue by using less energy and raw materials, and produce less waste and toxins. Moreover, the new technology should use solar energy in the future. The recycle factor, designers and HCI experts should use recycled, recyclable, and renewable materials to safeguard future supplies. The efficiency factor, designers and HCI experts should develop technology and devices with long life, less packaging and with portability efficiency. The social factor, it is desirable to shift the mode of consumption from personal ownership of products to provision of services, clean emissions, successful production cycles, and good ethical principles. SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 714

15. The major stages and steps of the New Participative Methodology for Sustainable Design are Usability Evaluation (SA0) Functionality Testing (SA1) Planning (SA2) Analysis (SA3)Design (SA4) Implementation (SA5) Maintenance (SA6) SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 715

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17. Conclusion This chapter is concerned with the development of New Participative Methodology for Sustainable Design, and identifying the sustainable design step, which comprises design, manufacture and energy, recycling, safety efficiency and social factors. This methodology was developed to raise designers and users’ awareness of sustainability and green information technology in terms of technology and portable devices design. Using this methodology in designing devices and technology will reduce the harm done to our planet as a result of poor recycling and the consumption of energy and raw materials. Finally, in order to raise awareness among users, we academics have a responsibility to increase our students’ awareness, and make them part of the solution not the problem, encouraging them to become good stewards serving their countries and communities. In the future, further research will be carried out to assess the sustainable design with larger and diverse developed and developing countries. SD/TI/PI/2015_Chapter 717