1. Energy Efficiency Practical Options for residents/commercial spaces Presenter: Benise Joseph

2. What is ENERGY EFFICIENCY?  The ability to reduce the amount of energy required to provide the same product or service.  Using less energy to provide the same service.

3. Conservation and Energy Efficiency  Conservation means that you save or conserve energy but this usually includes changing your lifestyle  Energy Efficiency, there is usually no change is lifestyle just a change in product or services.  The two concepts usually work very well together.

4. Areas to apply Energy Efficiency Tips Lighting Air Conditioning Office Equipment

5. Areas to apply Energy Efficiency Tips (cont.) Heating Vehicles Food Service Equipment Water Conservation

6. Lighting  Turn off lights (and other equipment) when not in use. High utility costs often include paying for energy that is completely wasted.  Consider switching to LED which are energy star labelled. Which means they have been tested. If LED lights are too costly consider using T8 (1- inch), electronic ballast fluorescent tubes

7. Lighting  Install switch plate occupancy sensors in proper locations to automatically turn off lighting when no one is present and back on when people return. Even good equipment can be installed wrong, so don't install the sensor behind a coat rack, door, bookcase, etc. It must be able to "see" an approaching person's motion to turn on the light before or as they enter an unlit area.

8. Lighting  Adjust lighting to your actual needs; use free "daylight" during the day.  To prevent glare, eyestrain and headaches, do not "over-light." Too much light can be as bad for visual quality as too little light - and it costs a lot more

9. Air Conditioning  When buying AC systems choose wisely and buy energy star labelled equipment.  Tune-up" your heating, ventilating and air- conditioning system with an annual maintenance.  Regularly change (or clean if reusable) AC filters. New filters usually only cost a few dollars. Dirty filters cost more to use, overwork the equipment and result in lower indoor air quality.

10. Air Conditioning  Control direct sun through windows, depending, block direct heat gain from the sun shining through glass on the East and especially West sides. Options such as "solar screens," "solar films," awnings, and vegetation can help keep facilities more cool. Over time, trees can attractively shade the facility, and help clean the air. Interior curtains or drapes can help, but it's best to prevent the heat from getting past the glass and inside.

11. Air Conditioning  Use fans to maintain comfortable temperature, humidity and air movement, and save energy year round. Moving air can make a somewhat higher temperature and/or humidity feel comfortable. Fans can help delay or reduce the need for air conditioning, and a temperature setting of only three to five degrees higher can feel as comfortable with fans.

12. Office Equipment  Always buy Energy Star qualified products for your small business. The ENERGY STAR mark indicates the most efficient computers, printers, copiers, refrigerators, televisions, windows, thermostats, ceiling fans, and other appliances and equipment.  Unplug battery chargers when the batteries are fully charged or the chargers are not in use.

13. Office Equipment  Turning off machines when they are not in use can result in enormous energy savings. There is a common misconception that screen savers reduce energy use by monitors; they do not. Automatic switching to sleep mode or manually turning monitors off is always the better energy-saving strategy.

14. Office Equipment  To maximize savings with a laptop, put the AC adapter on a power strip that can be turned off (or will turn off automatically); the transformer in the AC adapter draws power continuously, even when the laptop is not plugged into the adapter.

15. Office Equipment  Common misconceptions sometimes account for the failure to turn off equipment. Many people believe that equipment lasts longer if it is never turned off.  Consider buying a laptop for your next computer upgrade; they use much less energy than desktop computers, resulting in long-term savings.

16. Office Equipment  Many appliances continue to draw a small amount of power when they are switched off. These "phantom" loads occur in most appliances that use electricity, such as VCRs, televisions, stereos, computers, and kitchen appliances. In the average home, 75 percent of the electricity used to power home electronics is consumed while the products are turned off. This can be avoided by unplugging the appliance, or using a power strip and the strip's on/off switch to cut all power to the appliance

17. Office Equipment  Studies have shown that using rechargeable batteries for products like cordless phones and PDAs is more cost effective than throwaway batteries. If you must use throwaways, check with your trash removal company about safe disposal options.

18. Heating  Use Solar Water heating instead of electrical heating.

19. Vehicles  Save money by buying vehicles that are more fuel efficient for your home or business.  Use vehicles that give more miles per gallon of gas  Use electric/hybrid vehicles or vehicles that use alternative sources of energy

20. Food Service Equipment  Purchase energy star qualified commercial food service equipment. For example, qualified refrigerators and freezers; deep fryers; hot food holding cabinets; and steam cookers.

21. Water Conservation  Fix leaks. Small leaks add up to many gallons of water and dollars wasted each month. Water conservation saves energy and money.  Use water-saving faucets and showerheads and urinals to save water.  Set water temperature only as hot as needed (110- 120 degrees) to prevent burns and save energy

22. Conservation – Reduce Waste  Transformers  Appliances in sleep mode  Ironing – batch vs daily  Unattended TV, Computer, etc  Think – if you are not using it, it should not be powered

23. Types of Energy Labels

24. Appliances That Should Be Labeled  Cars  Washing Machines  Refrigerators  Computers  Air Conditioners  Always ask!!

25. Types of Renewable Energy HYDRO

26. Advantages of Renewable Energy  It is sustainable, it will not run out  Less cost of maintenance because energy is produced from natural sources  Environmental Impact – reduces the production of carbon dioxide.

27. Disadvantages  Reliability is an issue  High Initial Cost

28. Solar Energy

29. HOW CAN WE USE THE SUN TO PRODUCE ENERGY  PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS (PV)  SOLAR DRYERS  SOLAR WATER HEATERS  SOLAR AC UNITS

30. PV PANELS Types Monocrystalline Polycrystalline Amorphous Silicon

31. Arrangement of PV  Many cells make a Panel  Panels are connected together to make a string  Many strings make an ARRAY

32. HOW DOES PV PANELS WORK  Sunlight falls onto the PV cells and this energy is converted to electrical energy (direct current)DC. The stronger the sunlight more electricity is generated.  This DC current is the same type of electricity produced from a battery so it needs to be converted into Alternating Current (AC) by the use of an inverter to be used for most household equipment

33. TYPICAL IRRADIATION CURVE

34. What does the Irradiance Curve show?  This is the typical sunlight penetration that an area receives at a certain time and day of the month.  This varies from month to month and time of the day

35. Solar PV for Homes

36. Cost of PV's  PV systems cost about - $8/W  If a panel is 180 Wp (Watt peak maximum power at peak time)  There for a 5kW system about 27/28 panels would needed.  Therefore the cost would be about $50,000 for the system including accessories.

37. Simple Pay Back Period  Calculations are very basic  Assuming the cost of electricity is about $1.00/kW  And about 2 hours of electricity consumption is saved everyday then the payback period would be about 15 years.

38. LUCELEC  Installed Capacity - 88.9 MW  Peak Demand - 60MW  Limit on Solar PV 5kW - for Households 25kW - Commercial Businesses

39. What is Net- Metering

40. Lucelec Net Meterng Policy  LUCELEC will allow all excess renewable energy generated and delivered to the distribution grid system,  Excess energy under the Net-Metering contract may be banked for up to a maximum period of one year. At the end of the calendar year, the excess energy that is not netted off against consumption will be forfeited to LUCELEC and the Net-Metering customer will be allowed to begin banking excess energy for the next calendar year.  Any excess energy that is banked will be netted off on the next or subsequent billing periods from the energy consumed by that customer on the account on which the small renewable energy generator is installed. The applicable published rate, for the account will continue to be used for the net metering

41. What is the government doing to increase Renewable Energy Use  Customs Duty waivers on Renewable Energy and Energy Efficient Equipment  Promotion of Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in the Public Sector and Private Sector  Encourage from financial institutions to give loans for Renewable Energy Systems

43. Questions?????