1. Muscular System

2. Quick facts O How many muscles do you think the body contains? O The body has more than 600 muscles O What percentage of the bodies weight do you think belongs to muscles? O About 40 to 45 percent

3. Functions O Thoughts about what you think the function of the muscular system are?

4. O Muscles hold the body erect and make movement possible O Muscle movement generates nearly 85 percent of the heat that keeps the body warm O Muscles move food through the digestive system

5. O Muscle movement such as walking aids the flow of blood through the veins as it returns to the heart O Muscle action moves fluids through the ducts and tubes associated with other body systems

6. Quick review O 5 functions of system we just discussed O Two words that we have talked aboout previously that would go with muscular system O Tendon O Ligament

7. Muscle Tissue O 3 Types of muscle tissue O 1. Skeletal O 2. Smooth O 3. Cardiac

8. Skeletal O Just by looking at the name skeletal muscle what do you think it does? O Skeletal muscles attach to the bones of the skeleton and are the muscles that make possible body motions suck as walking and smiling O Skeletal muscles are also known as striated muscles because the dark and light bands in the muscle fibers create a striped appearance

10. O Do you think we have control over our skeletal muscles? O Yes we do O What is it called when you do something willingly? O Voluntary: O Skeletal muscles are also called voluntary muscles because we have conscious control over these muscles

11. Smooth O Smooth muscles are located in the walls of internal organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and ducts leading from glands O Their function is to move and control the flow of fluids through these structures

12. Smooth cont’d O We just learned that the skeletal muscles are known as striated because?? O Well smooth muscle is the opposite of that ? O Unstriated because they do not have the dark and light bands that produce the appearance seen in striated muscles

13. Smooth O What was another aspect that we learned about the actions of skeletal muscles ergo the control we have?? O What would be the opposite of that? O Involuntary because they are under the control of the autonomic nervous system and are not under voluntary control

14. Smooth O Smooth muscles are also known as visceral muscles because they are found in the large internal organs except the heart and in hollow structures such as those of the digestive and urinary systems

16. Cardiac O Cardiac- when you see this word what organ is it pertaining to? O Another word for this muscle is myocardial O Lets break down the word O my/o O cardi/o O al

17. Cardiac O The cardiac muscle forms the muscular wall of the heart O This muscle is also known as the myocardium O Break down myocardium

18. Cardiac O Cardiac muscle is a specialized tissue that is like striated muscle in appearance but like smooth muscle in its action O It is the contraction and relaxation of the cardiac muscle that causes the heartbeat

20. O How many muscles did we say they were? O What percentage did we say made up the body? O These muscles are made up of fibers, are covered with fascia and are attached to bones by tendons

21. Structures of muscle system O Muscles are composed of long, slender cells known as? O Muscle fibers O Each muscle consists of a group of fibers that are held together by the connective tissue and enclosed in a fibrous sheath

22. More Structures O Fascia- sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue that covers, supports, and separates muscle

23. Structures O A tendon? O More in depth definition: a narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to bone

24. Summary again O These muscles are made up of fibers, are covered with fascia and are attached to bones by tendons

25. Muscle Characteristics O The muscle are arranged in antagonistic pairs O Definition of antagonistic? O means to work in opposition to each other O In an antagonistic pair, one muscle produces movement in one direction, and the other produces movement in the opposite direction

26. More Characteristics O Muscles are made up of specialized cells that can change length or shape by contracting and relaxing. These contrasting actions make motion possible

27. Muscle Names O Muscles are named from many different reasons: 1. Action 2. Location 3. Fiber Direction 4. Number of Divisions 5. Size 6. Shape

28. Origin and Insertion O Muscle origin O When you see the word origin, how do you think it pertains to details about the muscle? O Muscle origin is the place where the muscle begins ergo originates. This is the more fixed attachment or the end of the muscle nearest the midline of the body.

29. Origin and Insertion O Muscle insertion O So if origin is where the muscle begins what do you think insertion means? O Muscle insertion is the place where the muscle ends ergo inserts. It is the moveable end or the portion of the muscle farthest from the midline of the body

31. Muscle Name Examples O Action O Action is Flexing and Extending O Flexor carpi muscles with Extensor carpi muscles O What is the word that we said earlier that would describe the relationship between Flexor and Extensor?

32. Muscle Name Examples O Location O Pectoralis Major would be a muscle of the what just from looking at the word? O Vastus lateralis and vastus medalis indicate their location by including the words lateral and medial O Lateral: toward the side O Medial: toward the midline

33. Muscle Name Examples O Location cont’d O External oblique O External: Near the surface O Internal oblique O Internal: deeper location

34. Muscle Name Examples O Fiber Direction O Named for which directions the fibers run O Rectus means straight O Oblique means slated or at an angle O Transvers means in a crosswise direction O Sphincter is a ringlike muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway O A sphincter is named for the passage involved O Example: anal sphincter closes the anus

35. Muscle Name Examples O Number divisions O Biceps O Triceps O Quadriceps

36. Muscle Name Examples O Size O Gluteus maximus: largest muscle of the buttock

37. Muscle Name Examples O Shape O Deltoid Muscle: forms the muscular shoulder cap, is shaped like an inverted triangle