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Medieval World European Gothic 1200-1400. Europe Peace between England and France Intermarriage of various royal families Popes victory over the Holy.

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Presentation on theme: "Medieval World European Gothic 1200-1400. Europe Peace between England and France Intermarriage of various royal families Popes victory over the Holy."— Presentation transcript:

1 Medieval World European Gothic 1200-1400

2 Europe Peace between England and France Intermarriage of various royal families Popes victory over the Holy Roman Empire 13 th century culturally belonged to France Gothic Architecture- Chartes and Riems

3 Historical Context Ghengis Khan (CA. 1162-1227) AND THE MONGOL TRIBE MONGOL SOCIETY: "PEOPLE OF THE YURTS" 1206: CHOSEN "GREAT KHAN" 1211 — PIERCED GREAT WALL 1227 — CAPTURED ZHONGDU (BEIJING) 1231---PERSOA OVERTHROWN 1234 — REACHED YELLOW RIVER 1241— ARMIES REACHED HUNGARY AND POLAND, TOOK NORTH CHINA (LOOTING) 1276 — GHENGIS' SUCCESSORS CAPTURED ALL OF CHINA ALSO TOOK KOREA AND MUCH OF ASIA, BUT NOT JAPAN; PART OF INDIA; CHUNK OF RUSSIA Fear froze civilization for a couple of decades

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5 Pagan but tolerant of other religions- china belief was relaxed, Islamic countries-little room for compromise- found the rule most oppressive All of Christian Holy Land towns fell in 1291 (Acre) Muslim lost control of Spain except for Granada Kubai Khan– 1279- final victory over Sung China -Promoted wider trading routes - Marco Polo recorded this extraordinary civilization

6 More on the Mongol Invasion They opened up Eastern trade routes – well organized Mongol caravans They brought wares from China but also the bubonic plague Removal of the fire-break of Central Asia opened up the west to a new infection against neither immunities nor medical knowledge could offer any protection We know it as the BLACK DEATH or BLACK PLAGUE or THE BUBONIC PLAGUE THE BUBONIC PLAGUE

7 It touched to west in 1347 (Constantinople), there was literally nothing to stop it probably began in the Himalayan foothills homeland-mid 13 th century- to build over the Asian steppes (it is documented in China in 1331) It reached Islam by way of India and China 1346- in Georgia and Crimea along caravan routes and was in the rest of Europe by 1348- northern Russia 1351 Transmitted by rats, fleas and humans Unexplained it did not touch Milan, southern Aquitaine, central Flanders, Poland and East Germany 1/3 of the population died- all ages, all social classes, all religions More plagues happened in 1361-2 and 1368-9

8 Social unrest- Europe-protest movements swept Europe Area affluent with the shortage of labour raises were rising and so was expectations middle class was expanding England and France the 100 year war lasting 116 years from 1337 to 1453. 1337145313371453 realignment of European countries Ottoman Turks-14 th century- (from Antolia) brought down Constantinople-advance stopped in Samarkand (Tamerlane) Muslims still have a small part of Spain in Granada

9 Gothic Style Gothic art is a term given to an art period that flourished in Europe during the late medieval period, early in the twelfth century. Originating from the Ilse-du France (the area now known as Paris) Gothic art followed the Romanesque time period and eventually spread across most of Europe before being succeeded by the Renaissance. Europemedieval period twelfth century RenaissanceEuropemedieval period twelfth century Renaissance Architecture dominates Gothic art and is particularly associated with cathedrals and other churches. Throughout this time period, there is a gradual shift from architecture to sculpture and painting. cathedrals

10 Gothic style ARCHITECTURE: Gothic cathedrals are generally very large to portray the greatness of God and the magnitude of the world, also making the viewer feel very small. There is an emphasis on verticality suggesting an aspiration to Heaven or the gods. New advances in building technology made these huge cathedrals possible. It is easily identifiable because of its unique vocabulary:  pointed arches,  ribbed vaults,  flying buttresses,  cluster piers,  stained glass windows.

11 Chatres Cathedral Unified- but it took 4 centuries to build West towers similar but different( built 50 years apart) Huge and important to community Flying buttresses eliminated the need for heavy solid Romanesque walls allowed for huge window walls of stain glass-situated along the clerestory level- wondrous effect sculpture faced the outside world- clustered around entrance ways- 2000 carved figures Pointed Spires- element of Gothic Architecture

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13 Notre Dame France, 1163 continued 100 years never completed- two front towers were suppose to be bases for two impressive spires pointed archespointed arches ribbed vaultsribbed vaults big clerestory windowsbig clerestory windows heavy columns seem Romanesque- visual rhythmheavy columns seem Romanesque- visual rhythm huge rose windowhuge rose window delicate tower at crossingdelicate tower at crossing

14 Flying Buttresses the thrust of the vault transferred to flying arches to massive towers outside the building- eliminating need for heavy thick walls Chartes cathedral Notre Dame

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16 Notre Dame- Rose Window Rose window: A large round window on the west façade or transept, containing tracery that became more elaborate as the Gothic era progressed. Usually placed over the main door. Beautiful examples occur at Notre-Dame in Paris and Chartres.

17 Stained Glass Stained glass: Colored windows of Gothic cathedrals made from a combination of many pieces of colored and semi-transparent white glass joined together with lead strips. Colors were generated by adding specific metal oxides, which illuminated the glass with bright red, blue, green, and yellow tones. The function of stained glass was to fill the cathedral with light in windows which also fulfilled a narrative and illustrative purpose, in representing Biblical events and the lives of saints. Patrons and workers guilds who helped fund the construction of the cathedral were also portrayed Gothic style on stained glass windows was increasing. Stained glass became a narrative medium, and church windows, and were a ready source of instruction for the illiterate population.

18 Pointed Arches Notre DameChartes Allowed for greater height and more open area- changed thrust of vault to a more vertical direction Arch: Curved masonry construction that spans an opening such as a portal or window. Pointed arches were a feature of the Gothic era, that evolved from the round Romanesque arches. Allowed for greater height and more open area- changed thrust of vault to a more vertical direction

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20 Gargoyles: A water sprout terminating in a grotesquely carved figure of a human or animal, and projecting from the gutter of a cathedral such as Notre-Dame in Paris.

21 In fact, gargoyles are the little, vaguely-tube-shaped sculptures that direct rainwater away from the cathedral; they are everywhere on the structure, sticking straight out from the building (in order to throw rainwater as clear of the cathedral as possible).

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23 Chimeras (sometimes referred to as a "Grotesque"., in contrast to Gargoyles, are grotesque sculptures that combine the body parts of several different animals and are intended for decoration only; the sculptures shown in this picture are thus chimeras, not gargoyles.

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25 This is the gallery that connects the two towers of Notre- Dame Cathedral. It is visible from the ground as the highest gallery connecting the two towers on the facade of the cathedral facade

26 Where are these gargoyles and Grotesques?

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32 Gargoyle Project

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36 Continuation of Gothic Architecture Leadership in Architecture goes from France to England Also non religious architecture- remarkable roof carpentry- Westminster Hall- 1394-1400

37 Illuminated manuscripts Literacy Guild Frescos Panel paintings Limbourg Brothers (1412-16) Simone Martini (1285-1344) PAINTING

38 Preoccupation with mortality Obviously after the plague Great masterpieces belong to this -Cult of the Dead-especially Rhineland (Germany) Flanders, and Burgundy Forbidding themes of Judgement, Evil Conscience and Death Book of Hours- France "The Three Living and the Three Dead" Medieval depiction of the plague episode of A.D 1346 [The Black Death]

39 More Book of Hours Began by brothers Limbourg for the Duke of Berry 1n 1413 and left incomplete in 1416 due to their death- the Dukes castle is seen in the September page. France was known for their magnificiant castles

40 Italy was prosperous due to trade- cross over form Gothic to Renaissance Cimabue Gothic-Madonna of Sana Trinita-1200 Giotto 1310- Grandfather of the Renaissance

41 Martini-The Angel of the Annunciation after 1339 Martini-The Carrying of the Cross 1325-35 Martini-The Carrying of the Cross 1325-35

42 Guidoriccio da Fogliano—emotional range- in recognition of his victories over the Florentines- he is isolated in the barren and unpeopled landscape


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