1. DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING Instructors: Dr J. Shanbehzadeh Shanbehzadeh@gmail.com Mostafa Mahdijo Mostafa Mahdijo mostafa.mahdijoo@gmail.com ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo) Kharazmi University

2. DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING Instructors: Dr J. Shanbehzadeh Shanbehzadeh@gmail.com Mostafa Mahdijo Mostafa Mahdijo mostafa.mahdijoo@gmail.com ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo)

3. Road map of chapter 9 9.1 Preliminaries 9.2 Erosion and Dilation 9.3 Opening and Closing 9.4 Hit-or-Miss Transformation PreliminariesErosion and DilationOpening and ClosingHit-or-Miss Transformation 9.29.3 9.4 9.29.1

4. Morphology : form and structure Extracting image components for : representation and description of region shape From Image processing methods Input: Image Output: Image To Image processing methods Input: ImageOutput: Attributes preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo)

5. Preliminaries preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo) Reflection and Translation : Translation: (B) z = {c | c = b + z, for b є B}

6. Preliminaries ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo) Structuring Elements : preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing

7. Structuring Elements: preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing Preliminaries ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo)

8. Preliminaries Erosion: ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo) preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing

9. Preliminaries ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo) preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing

10. Erosion and Dilation ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo) preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing

11. Erosion (More examples): ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo) Erosion and Dilation preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing

12. Erosion (More examples): ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo) Erosion and Dilation preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing

13. Erosion in removing salt noise: ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo) Erosion and Dilation preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing

14. Dilation: ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo) Erosion and Dilation preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing

15. ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo) Erosion and Dilation preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing

16. ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo) Erosion and Dilation preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing

17. Dilation : Erosion and Dilation preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo)

18. Dilation in edge detection: Erosion and Dilation preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo)

19. Duality: preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing Erosion and Dilation ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo) Proof:

20. Opening and Closing preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing opening:smoothes the contour of an object, breaks narrow isthmuses, and eliminates thin protrusions. closing: Smooth sections of contours, but as opposed to Opening, it generally fuses narrow breaks and long thin gulfs, eliminates small holes, and fills gaps in the contour ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo)

21. preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing Duality Opening and Closing ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo)

22. opening : Separate out the circles from the lines, so that they can be counted. Opening with a disk shaped structuring element 11 pixels in diameter gives preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing Opening and Closing ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo)

23. opening : Extracting the horizontal and vertical lines The results of an Opening with a 3×9 vertically and 9x3 horizontally oriented structuring element is shown preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing Opening and Closing ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo)

24. Opening in removing salt noise: preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing Opening and Closing ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo)

25. Opening in removing pepper noise: preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing Opening and Closing preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo)

26. Closing: preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing Opening and Closing preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo)

27. Closing (More examples): Removing the small holes while retaining the large holes preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing Opening and Closing Closing with a 22 pixel diameter disk Closing with a disk-shaped structuring element with a diameter larger than the smaller holes preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo)

28. Closing (More examples): Enhance binary images of objects obtained from thresholdingbinary images thresholding preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing Opening and Closing preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo)

29. Closing for pepper noise : preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo) Opening and Closing

30. Closing for salt noise: preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing Opening and Closing ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo)

31. preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo) Opening and Closing

32. (a) A o B is a subset (subimage) of A. (b) If C is a subset of D, then C o B is a subset of D o B. (c) (A o B) o B = A o B. (a) A is a subset (subimage) of A B. (b) If C is a subset of D, then C B is a subset of D B. (c) (AB)B=AB. preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo) Opening and Closing

33. preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo) Opening and Closing

34. preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo) The Hit-or-Miss Transformation

35. preview 9.1- Preliminaries 9.2-Erosion and Dilation 9.3- Opening and Closing ( J.Shanbehzadeh M.Mahdijo) The Hit-or-Miss Transformation