1. Ancient Egypt and Kush 4.1& 4.2 Geography and Ancient Egypt/ The Old Kingdom

2. The big Idea The water, the fertile soils, and protected setting of the Nile valley allowed a great civilization to arise in Egypt around 3200 BC.

3. 1a. What were the two regions that made up Ancient Egypt? 1b. Why was the Nile Delta well suited for settlement? 1c. How might the Nile’s cataracts have both hurt and helped Egypt? 1a. Upper and lower Egypt made up Ancient Egypt. 1b. The Nile Delta was well suited fertile land, abundant wildlife, and near the sea. 1c. The cataracts helped by providing protection against invasion and hurt by making travel difficult.

4. 2a. What food did the Egyptians eat? 2b. What role did the Nile play in supplying Egyptians with these foods? 2c. How did the desert on both sides of the Nile help Ancient Egypt? 2a. Egyptians ate wheat, barley, fruits, vegetables, beef, lamb, fish, goose, and duck. 2b. The role the Nile played was to provide water for crops and animals, fish, homes for wild geese and ducks. 2c. The desert helped because it provided protection against invasion by enemy forces.

5. 3a. Who was the first pharaoh of Egypt? 3b. Why did the pharaohs of the first Dynasty wear a double crown? 3a. The first pharaoh was Menes. 3b. The double crown was to symbolize the unification of upper and lower Egypt.

6. 4. Compare the Nile to the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Nile Tigris and Euphrates

7. 4.2 Old Kingdom Egyptian government and religion were closely connected. 1. In early Egyptian society, pharaohs ruled as gods and were at the top of the social structure. 2. Religion shaped Egyptian life. 3. The pyramids of Egypt were built as tombs for the pharaohs.

8. 1a. To what does the term Old Kingdom refer? 1b. Why was the pharaoh’s authority never questioned? 1c. How did trade benefit the Egyptians? 1a. The Old Kingdom refers to the 500 year period from 2700 to 2200 BC. 1b.The pharaoh’s authority was never questioned because he was thought of as a god. 1c. Trade brought gold, ivory, slaves, and stone from Nubia, incense and Myrrh from Punt, and wood from Syria.

9. 2a. What did Egyptians mean by the afterlife? 2b. Why was embalming important to the Egyptians? 2a. Afterlife means life after death. 2b. Embalming was important because if a body was allowed to decay, the spirit would not be able to recognize it in the afterlife.

10. 3a. What is engineering? 3b. What does the building of the pyramids tell us about Egyptian society? 3a. Engineering is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes. 3b. The building of pyramids may tell us that Egyptian society was capable of complex organization and discipline required to build the pyramids.

11. 4. Write 3 statements about the relationship between government and religion in the Old Kingdom. Pharaoh ruled as a god Nobles and priests helped run the government and temples Only elite could afford to have mummies made Lower classes worked on tombs