1. Individualism vs. Collectivism

2. 1. What is individualism? more self-centered and emphasize mostly on their individual goals. Individualism is the moral stance, political philosophy, ideology, or social outlook that stresses: "the moral worth of the individual".

3. 2. What is collectivism? have a great emphasis on groups and think more in terms of “we”. Collectivism is any philosophic, political, religious, economic, or social outlook that emphasizes: the interdependence of every human being

4. 3. What are the differences between them? 1. self-centered vs. think more in terms of “we” 2. individual goals vs. groups 3. …

5. 4. What are their advantages and disadvantages in business? Advantages for individualism: 1.Competition 2.Try one’s best to do the best Disadvantages for individualism: 1.the lack of social responsibility and group consciousness 2.the conflict between the individual and the society

6. 4. What are their advantages and disadvantages in business? Advantages for collectivism: 1.Warm 2.Harmony and loyalty Disadvantages for collectivism: 1.Less of competition ( Taguofan) 2.Obedience and lack of creativity

7. Case Study

8. 1. The characteristics of individualism 1. Other’s behavior is explained by personal traits; 2. One’s success is attributed to his own ability; 3. Self is defined as individual entity; 4. One knows more about self than others; 5. Achievement is made for one’s own sake; 6. Personal goals are over group goals; 7. Self-assuredness is valued; 8. Autonomy and independence is valued; 9. Dependence on others is avoided;

9. 1. The characteristics of individualism 11. One bears casual connections to many groups; 12. Task completion is important; 13. One has few obligations to others; 14 Confrontation is acceptable.

10. 2. Characteristics of collectivist culture  Group are major units of social perception;  Others’ behavior is explained by group norms;  Success is attributed to the help of group;  Self is defined in terms of group;  One knows more about others than self;  Achievement is for the benefit of group;  In-group goal is over personal goal;

11. 2. Characteristics of collectivist culture  Modesty is valued;  Ostracism is feared ；  One has strong connections to a few groups;  One has many obligations to others;  Harmony is expected;  Relations are important.