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PRINCIPLE & CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC PUMPS

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Presentation on theme: "PRINCIPLE & CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC PUMPS"— Presentation transcript:

1 PRINCIPLE & CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC PUMPS

2 HYDRAULIC PUMPS PRINCIPLE CHARACTERISTICS TYPES OF PUMPS
COMPARISON OF PUMPS TROUBLE SHOOTING

3 PUMP - PRINCIPLE THE PRINCIPLE OF A HYDRAULIC PUMP IS TO CONVERT MECHANICAL ENERGY INTO HYDRAULIC ENERGY. THIS IS ACHIEVED BY GENERATING AN INCREASED VOLUME DURING INTAKE AND DECREASED VOLUME ON THE DELIVERY SIDE.

4 PUMP - PRINCIPLE Contd. VACUUM IS CREATED
PISTON MOVES OUT EXPANDING THE SPACE IN PUMPING CHAMBER ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

5 PUMP CHARACTERISTICS PRESSURE RATING VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY NOISE LEVEL
FLOW RATING PRESSURE RATING VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY NOISE LEVEL CONTAMINATION LEVEL ALLOWED

6 TYPES OF PUMPS NON POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS GEAR PUMP VANE PUMP
ROTARY AXIAL PISTON PUMP RADIAL PISTON RECIPROCATORY POSITIVE

7 NON POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
EYE INLET OUTLET DIFFUSER OUTLET IMPELLER BLADES CENTRIFUGAL ( IMPELLER ) TYPES IMPELLER PROPELLER AXIAL (PROPELLER ) TYPE INLET

8 SINGLE VANE PUMP To do this, flopping of the cam ring has to be done around the vertical axis. The vanes must also be repositioned in their slots so that their “leading edges” follow the direction of rotation.

9 SINGLE VANE PUMP SIDE PLATE DISCHARGE PORT DELIVERY VANE CAM RING
SHAFT PRESSURE PLATE ROTOR SUCTION SUCTION PORT BOLT Graphical Symbol

10 CARTRIDGE SIDE PLATE PRESSURE PLATE CAM RING BOLT LOCATING PIN

11 VARIATION IN VANE PUMP DISPLACEMENT
ROTOR CAMRING “THROW” WIDTH

12 BALANCED VANE PUMP OUTLET ROTATION ROTATION INLET CAMRING VANE INLET
ROTOR INLET DRIVE SHAFT

13 VANE PUMP - TYPICAL PUMP CHARACTERISTICS
35 140 210 175 105 70 10 30 20 kW HP Input Power Output Flow L/min 75 40 50 60 1200 r/min 1000 r/min 1500 r/min 1800 r/min Pressure Kgf / Cm2

14 VANE PUMP - TYPICAL PUMP CHARACTERISTICS
NOISE LEVEL Noise Level [One metre (3.3 ft.) horizontally away from pump head cover] 1200 r/min 1000 r/min 35 140 210 175 105 70 Noise Level 60 55 50 45 65 dB(A) Pressure PV2R2-41 Kgf / Cm2

15 DOUBLE VANE PUMP SUCTION DELIVERY DELIVERY CARTRIDGE - 1 CARTRIDGE - 2
Graphic Symbol

16 EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP OUTLET DRIVEN GEAR DRIVE GEAR INLET

17 EXTERNAL GEAR PUMP OUTLET INLET

18 LOBE PUMP

19 INTERNAL GEAR PUMP

20 SINGLE PUMPS ROTOR VANE CAM RING DISCHARGE PORT WAVE WASHER SHAFT
PROPORTIONAL PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE DISCHARGE PORT WAVE WASHER SHAFT PRESSURE PLATE SUCTION PORT SIDE PLATE Graphical Symbol

21 VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT VANE PUMPS
SIDE PLATE PORT PLATE RING THRUST BLOCK PRESSURE ADJ. SCREW ROTOR-SHAFT Graphical Symbol FLOW ADJ. SCREW GOVERNOR PISTON DISCHARGE PORT SUCTION PORT DRAIN PORT

22 VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT VANE PUMPS
F p = Force Acting on Camring due to System Pressure F S = Force due to Spring. F t = Force acting on Thrust Block. F p` = Force acting on Shaft Bearing. Q Change in set Pressure PRESSURE ADJUSTMENT SCREW L VOLUME ADJUSTMENT SCREW Q Characteristics Q P Change in set Volume e ECCENTRICITY OF RING P Eccentricity ( Max. ) Eccentricity ( Max. )

23 VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PISTON PUMPS
SPOOL FILLING PORT PLUG DRAIN PORT PRESSURE ADJ. SCREW CONTROL PISTON FLOW ADJ. SCREW PIVOT SHAFT DISCHARGE PORT Graphical Symbol SUCTION PORT YOKE PISTON ASSEMBLY SWASH PLATE CYLINDER BLOCK

24 CYLINDER BLOCK ASSEMBLY
PIVOT WASHER SLIPPER RETAINER CYLINDER BLOCK PISTON ASSEMBLY WASHER PIN (3 pcs.) SPRING WASHER RETAINING RING

25 CYLINDER BLOCK ASSEMBLY
PORT PLATE

26 VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PISTON PUMPS
( AT FULL CUT - OFF ) PRESSURE COMPENSATOR TYPE .

27 VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PISTON PUMPS PRESSURE COMPENSATOR CONTROL
SPOOL OPERATING PISTON PRESSURE ADJUSTMENT SCREW YOKE INLET Discharge Cycle DELIVERY ADJUSTMENT SCREW OUT Suction Cycle IN OUTLET Section A-A

28 VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PISTON PUMPS PRESSURE COMPENSATOR CONTROL
OPERATING PISTON A INLET Discharge Cycle OUT Suction Cycle IN A OUTLET Section A-A

29 VARIATION IN PUMP DISPLACEMENT
NO STROKE STROKE LENGTH STROKE LENGTH MAXIMUM SWASH PLATE ANGLE ( MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENT ) DECREASED SWASH PLATE ANGLE ( PARTIAL DISPLACEMENT ) ZERO SWASH PLATE ANGLE ( ZERO DISPLACEMENT )

30 SWASH PLATE CAUSES PISTON TO RECIPROCATE
VALVE PLATE SLOT PISTON SUB-ASSEMBLY OUTLET PORT DRIVE SHAFT INLET PORT SWASH PLATE SHOE PLATE CYLINDER BLOCK BORE

31 VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PISTON PUMP - TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Performance Characteristic Curve % N=1500 r/min 100 Volumetric Efficiency Overall Efficiency Efficiency 80 L/min 60 30 HP 12 kW Output Flow 8 20 10 Output Flow 8 6 Input Power Input Power 6 4 10 4 2 2 40 80 120 160 Kgf/Cm2 Pressure

32 VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PISTON PUMP - TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
kW 12 10 4 2 6 8 Input Power HP 5 15 25 L/min Output Flow 20 30 N=1500 r/min P= 140 120 100 80 60 40 7 P=Kgf / Cm2 Full Cut-off Power HP kW 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 Full Cut-off Power 1.0 1800 r/min 0.5 0.5 1500 r/min 40 80 120 160 Kg / Cm2 Full Cut-off Pressure

33 VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT PISTON PUMP - TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Noise Level [One metre (3.3 ft.) horizontally away from pump head cover] Drain L/min Full Cut-off Full Flow Pressure 80 40 160 120 dB(A) 50 60 70 Noise Level N=1500 r/min Kgf / Cm2 2.0 N=1800 r/min 1.5 Drain Full Cut-off 1.0 N=1500 r/min 0.5 1500,1800 r/min Full Flow 40 80 120 160 Pressure Kgf / Cm2

34 BENT AXIS PISTON PUMP PISTON ROD UNIVERSAL LINK PISTON CYLINDER BLOCK
TO OUTLET FROM INLET

35 COMPARISON OF HYDRAULIC PUMPS
TYPE VANE PUMP GEAR PUMP PISTON PUMP Working Principle Varying Volume between the Vane & Camring Shifting surrounded by gear grooves & casing. Volume by reciprocating Pistons. Average Efficiency High Low except for pressure loading type. Highest among three types. Wear & Does not decrease since wearing of camring or vane can be compensated Decreases with Wear

36 COMPARISON OF HYDRAULIC PUMPS

37 COMPARISON OF HYDRAULIC PUMPS

38 COMPARISON OF HYDRAULIC PUMPS

39 COMPARISON OF HYDRAULIC PUMPS
TYPE PRESSURE DISCHARGE MAX. SPEED OVERALL EFFICIENCY (Kgf/Cm 2 ) ( L / min ) ( rpm ) ( % ) GEAR PUMP 20 ~ 210 7 ~ 570 1800~7000 75 ~ 90 VANE PUMP 2 ~ 950 2000~4000 AXIAL PISTON PUMP 70 ~ 350 2 ~ 1700 600 ~ 6000 85 ~ 95 RADIAL 50 ~ 250 20 ~ 700 700 ~ 1800 80 ~ 92

40 TROUBLE SHOOTING


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