1. Economics and Colonization

2. European Exploration and Colonization of North America

3. What are the purposes of colonization?

4. Purposes of Colonization  God?  Gold  silver  Glory?  Territory  Slaves  God?  Gold  silver  Glory?  Territory  Slaves

5. Consequences of Colonization  Decimation of Native Population  Aztec Empire population declined from 25 million to 2 million in 30 years  Measles  Influenza  Smallpox  Decimation of Native Population  Aztec Empire population declined from 25 million to 2 million in 30 years  Measles  Influenza  Smallpox

6. Codex Florentinus (ca 1545-1580 )

7. Consequences of Colonization  Widespread belief of European superiority in Europe  Wanton destruction of native cultures  Continued need for a source of cheap labour to work mines and sugar plantations  African Atlantic Slave Trade  Widespread belief of European superiority in Europe  Wanton destruction of native cultures  Continued need for a source of cheap labour to work mines and sugar plantations  African Atlantic Slave Trade

8. Diagram of a typical Slaver travelling the Middle Passage

9. The Expanding Slave Trade

10. Consequences of Colonization  Sharing of Cultures and Knowledge  African slaves work in New World mines  African and Native American slaves work in Europe  European men and women find homes in the New World  Sharing of Cultures and Knowledge  African slaves work in New World mines  African and Native American slaves work in Europe  European men and women find homes in the New World

11. Consequences of Colonization  New World products available in Europe  SUGAR  Rum  Cocoa beans  Vanilla  Tomatoes  Potatoes  New World products available in Europe  SUGAR  Rum  Cocoa beans  Vanilla  Tomatoes  Potatoes

12. Consequences of Colonization  Emergence of a Global Marketplace  Triangular trade  The Atlantic triangle  Firearms and other goods to African coasts, slaves to New World, sugar, tobacco, cotton, rum to Europe  The Asian triangle  South American silver to Europe and then to Asia for spices, silk, coffee, jewels, jade, porcelain, dyes, fabrics and later tea  Emergence of a Global Marketplace  Triangular trade  The Atlantic triangle  Firearms and other goods to African coasts, slaves to New World, sugar, tobacco, cotton, rum to Europe  The Asian triangle  South American silver to Europe and then to Asia for spices, silk, coffee, jewels, jade, porcelain, dyes, fabrics and later tea

13. Triangular Trade

14. Global Trade Networks

15. Mercantilism  New system of understanding a nation’s wealth  Wealth of a nation is determined by the amount of precious metals it holds  Trading with bullion meant a loss of wealth  Goal= maintain a surplus of bullion  Problem for trade with East  New system of understanding a nation’s wealth  Wealth of a nation is determined by the amount of precious metals it holds  Trading with bullion meant a loss of wealth  Goal= maintain a surplus of bullion  Problem for trade with East

16. Importance of Colonies for Mercantilism  Exclusive trade partners  Natural resources provided to core  Timber  Furs  Cotton  PRECIOUS METALS  Core trades as much as possible in finished goods  Exclusive trade partners  Natural resources provided to core  Timber  Furs  Cotton  PRECIOUS METALS  Core trades as much as possible in finished goods

17. Results of Mercantilism  Since mercantilist theory argued that there was a finite limit to the world’s volume of possible trade:  Scramble for colonies beginning in the 17 th century  Commercial warfare in the 18 th century  Since mercantilist theory argued that there was a finite limit to the world’s volume of possible trade:  Scramble for colonies beginning in the 17 th century  Commercial warfare in the 18 th century

18. Mercantile Wars  England vs Netherlands (1652-1672)  Netherlands loses New Amersterdam  England vs France (1700-1763)  Seven Years’ War (1765-1763)  North America, West Indies and India  Britain as the global superpower  England vs Netherlands (1652-1672)  Netherlands loses New Amersterdam  England vs France (1700-1763)  Seven Years’ War (1765-1763)  North America, West Indies and India  Britain as the global superpower

19. Seven Years’ War