1. CP & ＳＵＳＹ breaking and GUT Nobuhiro Maekawa (Nagoya Univ.) 1. SUSY GUT and Yukawa structures 2. Unification for Matter sector Why are larger neutrino mixings? Horizontal symmetry to solve SUSY flavor problem 3. Prediction of GUT on FCNC 4. Spontaneous CP violation 5. Summary with M. Bando, T. Yamashita with S. Kim, A. Matsuzaki, K. Sakurai, T. Yoshikawa M. Ishiduki TexPoint fonts used in EMF. Read the TexPoint manual before you delete this box.: AA New

2. Topics mensioned in this talk  Quark&Lepton masses & mixings? SU(5) GUT with an assumption <- E6 GUT  SUSY flavor problem E6+horizontal (family) symmetry  Origin of CP violation(SUSY CP problem) Spontaneos CP violation in E6+horizontal KM phase & CEDM constraints (Hisano-Shimizu) OK!! New

3. Quark&Lepton Masses & Mixings SU(5) GUT with an assumption can explain these hierarchies It may result in large FCNC in SUSY models

4. Masses & Mixings and GUT u, c, t Strongest Neutrinos Weakest e, μ ， τ Middle d, s, b Middle CKM small mixings MNS large mixings These can be naturally realized in SU(5) GUT!!

5. SU(5) SUSY GUT Quark mixings(CKM) Lepton mixing(MNS) have stronger hierarchy than Stronger hierarchy leads to smaller mixings Albright-Barr Sato-Yanagida…

6. Mass hierarchy and mixings  Stronger hierarchy leads to smaller mixings Stronger hierarchy Smaller mixings

7. SU(5) SUSY GUT Quark mixings(CKM) Lepton mixing(MNS) have stronger hierarchy than Stronger hierarchy leads to smaller mixings Good agreement with masses & mixings

8. Large mixings and FCNC  Even if universal sfermion masses at cutoff, radiative correction induces non-universality.  Large mixings for  SO(10) GUT relation Large Large FCNC are expected. Borzumati-Masiero 85 Moroi 00 (SU(5)) Hisano-Moroi-Tobe-Yamaguchi-Yanagida Barbieri-Hall-Strumia 95 Chang-Masiero-Murayama 02 (SO(10))

9. Ｌｅｐｔｏｎ Ｆｌａｖｏｒ Ｖｉ ｏｌａｔｉｏｎ SO(10) Masiero,Vempati,Vives 02

10. Constraints to  EDM of Hg (neutron)  Bs mixing Hisano-Shimizu 03 CDF 06

11. 1 st Summary & Questions  SU(5) GUT is in good agreement with the hierarchies of quark & lepton masses and mixings. has stronger hierarchy than  Suppressed FCNC & EDM SO(10) GUT relation looks bad.  More unification of quark and lepton ?  Origin of the assumption?  Origin of various Yukawa hierarchies ?

12. E6 GUT can answer these questions !

13. E6 GUT answers these questions  More unification of quark and lepton ? Yes E6 SO(10)  Origin of the assumption ?  Origin of various Yukawa hierarchies ? Various Yukawa hierarchies can be induced from one Yukawa hierarchy in E6 GUT.

14. Ｕｎｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎ Three of six become superheavy after the breaking Once we fix, three light modes of six are determined. Guisey-Ramond-Sikivie, Aichiman-Stech, Shafi, Barbieri-Nanopoulos, Bando-Kugo,… We assume all Yukawa matrices

15. Milder hierarchy for  fields from become superheavy.  Light modes have smaller Yukawa couplings and milder hierarchy than Superheavy Larger mixings in lepton sector than in quark sector. Small Small neutrino Dirac masses Suppressed radiative LFV unless Bando-N.M. 01 N.M, T. Yamashita 02

16. How to obtain various Yukawas?

17. 2nd Ｓｕｍｍａｒｙ  unification explains why the lepton sector has larger mixings than the quark sector.  Suppressed radiative LFV  A basic Yukawa hierarchy The other Yukawa hierarchies Hierarchy of is stronger than that of Three come from the first 2 generation of

18. SUSY flavor problem  E6+horizontal (family) symmetry  More structures for suppressing FCNC.

19. Ｈｏｒｉｚｏｎｔａｌ Ｓｙｍ ｍｅｔｒｙ  The 1st 2 generation have universal sfermion masses.  Large top Yukawa coupling Not sufficient to suppress FCNC Dine-Kagan-Leigh Pomarol-Tommasini Barbieri-Hall… Origin of Yukawa hierarchy Universal sfermion masses to suppress FCNC

20. Large neutrino mixings and FCNC  The universal sfermion masses only for the 1st 2 generation do not suppress FCNC sufficiently if ． Universality for all three generations is required!

21.  In E6 various Yukawa hierarchies are produced from one basic hierarchy from U(2) breaking.  Unification of generations by (or ) realizes the universality of sfermion masses.  A prediction for sfermion mass spectrum  This shift makes this model consisitent with the present experiments.(Universal masses for )  The 3 rd generation FCNC can be large.(Testable) +horizontal symmetry Different Universal mass N.M. 02,04 N.M, T. Yamashita 04

22. Structures suppressing FCNC for  Small Yukawa couplings  Small  Universal sfermion masses for  can increase without destabilizing the weak scale. (Effective SUSY)

23. How does FCNC processes take place in this model? 10: 5:5: flavor violatingNo source of flavor violation Since 10 contains Q, the form of unitary matrix V is CKM-like. We can parametrize it with Cabibbo angle λ. For example, for the right-handed charged slepton sector,

24. Non universal SUSY breaking  Universal sfermion masses for fields  Non universaltiy for fields  Weak scale stability requires but almost no constraint for

25. Predictions of E6 GUT +horizontal symmetry must be around the weak scale, because of the stability of the weak scale, while can be taken larger. 10: 5:5: Kim-N.M.-Matsuzaki-Sakurai-Yoshikawa

26.  By picking up the 3-2 element, the size of τ→μ transition rate is order.  For μ→eγ, there are two passes to change the flavor μ→e. Both they are order. If we raise overall SUSY scale m … Propagator suppression from 1 or 2 generation becomes stronger, but mass difference increase. As a result, both transition rate remain finite, and don’t decouple! Non decoupling feature of this model (in lepton flavor violation)

27. Can we discover the LFV at the future experiments? (exclude) MEG experiment τ→μγ μ →eγ Detectable unless <400GeV (super-)KEKB Detectable, when tanβ is large and <250GeV

28. This model says that final state lepton tends to be right-handed.  Final state lepton has different chirality from initial one.  Intermediate state must be right-handed to pick up the. Right- handed Left- handed spin How can we see this feature experimentally? It is possible to check this feature experimentally by measuring the angular distribution of final state lepton. Opposite from MSSM+

29. Predictions (Quark sector)  The maginitudes are the same order as of the RGE effects in the universal mass case.  New CP phases!! The CP violation in B meson system may be detectable.

30. CP violation in B meson SM E6 O(0.04) O(0.006) <0.15 0.006 <0.01 very small For

31. B d  φKs,η’Ks SM (we have already seen.)Loop = SM + NP (in SM)

32. Numerical Estimation (SM) (SUSY) :SUSY phase (SM)(SUSY) We estimate by using parameters R, that is ratio of SUSY and SM amplitude. SUSY contribution to is linearly depend on R.

33. B d  φKs,η’Ks O(0.1) deviation in B factory may be confirmed in SuperB factory. is possible. Gluino contribution is decoupled. Chargino contribution is not decoupled. in the limit

34. Summary table of E6 predictions SM E6 O(0.04) O(0.006) <0.15 0.006 <0.01 very small

35.  Strictly speaking, when e.g. This can be consistent with the experiments, but the predictions can be changed. If we take, this model dependent parts can be neglected. No weak scale unstability!! Discussions

36. SUSY CP problem Spontaneous CP violation by the VEV of F. The severe constraints from CEDM are also satisfied because of real up-Yukawa couplings.

37. SUSY CP problem  EDM constraints from 1 loop  CEDM from Hg(neutron) even if Hisano-Shimizu ‘04 Contributions through stop loop are not decoupled. Complex Yukawa couplings induce them generically.

38. Difficulties in CEDM constraints  We usually assume complex Yukawa couplings to induce KM phase.  Complex Yukawa couplings induce the complex generically. Then CEDM constraints become severe.

39. Spontaneos CP violation in E6 +  Idea: 1,If the Higgs which breaks horizontal symmetry has complex phase, we can obtain complex Yukawa couplings, and KM phase. 2, Naively the suppression can be expected for the phase of SUSY parameters. Ishiduki-Kim-N.M.-Sakurai

40. Anomalous GUT  To suppress the relative CP phase between and, non-trivial discrete charge must be imposed to. N.M. 01, Bando-N.M. 01 N.M.-Yamashita 02  Generic Interactions (Higher Dim. Op.)with O(1) Coefficients The symmetry define the theory  Doublet-triplet splitting  Suppressed Proton decay (dim. 5)  Mass spectrum of Superheavy fields  GUT scales and the other VEV scales  Natural gauge coupling unification (miraculous cancellation!)  Realistic quark&lepton masses and mixings (bi-large neutrino mixings)  mu problem is solved

41. A model with a discrete symmetry  Real up-type Yukawa couplings real CEDM constraints can be satisfied.  Complex down-type Yukawa couplings KM phase can be induced.  The point : real, : complex Bonus 1

42. A model with a discrete symmetry  Bonus 2: small up quark mass is realized. Usually, to obtain the CKM matrix Too large  good value!

43. A model with a discrete symmetry  Bonus 3?: # of O(1) parameters =10 13 physical parameters  One of the relations

44. A model with a discrete symmetry  The discrete symmetry is consistent with the E6 Higgs sector which realizes doublet-triplet splitting and  mixing is required to avoid massless electron in this model.

45. Ｓｕｍｍａｒｙ  In GUT, one basic hierarchy for Yukawa couplings results in various hierarchical structures for quarks and leptons including larger neutrino mixings.  Horizontal symmetry can easily reproduce the basic hierarchy, and suppress FCNC naturally in GUT. (not in SO(10) GUT)  Spontaneous CP violation solves SUSY CP problem(CEDM)  The simpler unification of quarks and leptons explains the more questions. larger neutrino mixings SUSY Flavor Problem SUSY CP Problem

46. Summary  Peculiar sfermion spectrum can be tested.  without unstability of weak scale. FCNC of 3 rd generation becomes larger.  LFV ( ) and CP violation in B ( etc) may be detectable in future.  Polarization of final lepton can test the GUT scenario. Different Universal mass

47. Future work  What is the signature in LHC?  CP violation in neutrino oscillation?  The origin of SUSY breaking? The mediation mechanism of SUSY breaking?  Can the D term contribution be sufficiently small? Decoupling feature mildens the constraints Non-Abelian discrete symmetry?  Cosmology?  ….

48. B s  J/ψφ  Strategy Time dependent CP asym. In SM, is very small ! NP contribution may be dominant ! Tree ~ SMLoop = SM + NP

49. Naïve Estimation + (SM) (SUSY) If is pure imaginary… Naively, it is expected that SUSY contribution make 10 times larger than SM prediction !!

50. Numerical Estimation (SM) (SUSY) In E 6 + Horizontal model Actually, SUSY contribution is too tiny with compared to SM prediction. It is difficult to observe it. Khalil et al. ‘03 (SM)(SUSY)

51. Rough Estimation of the BRs main diagram : This model leads large LFV rate within reach of near future experiments.

52. dependence Branching Ratio is independent of unless. At this point, m=m 3 There are no source of LFV. In this reason, the BRs are no longer changed for. BRs don’t decouple as becomes large. These behavior are explained qualitatively already.

53. Quark sector  Constraints from mixing is OK.  EDM of Hg(neutron) OK Hisano-Shimizu Khalil06

54. A structure in explains  the suppression of the radiative FCNC with unifing Yukawa  why the mixings in lepton sector is larger.  the various mass hierarchies in quark & lepton sector.

55. +horizontal symmetry  A prediction for sfermion mass spectrum Universality of sfermion masses are partly realized.  FCNC can be suppressed without special assumption for SUSY breaking sector.  Non universality makes the 3 rd generation FCNC larger than in the universal case.

56.  Even if universal sfermion masses at the cutoff, radiative correction induces the non- universality.  Large mixings  SO(10) GUT relations Large too large LFV Radiatively induced FCNC Borzumati-Masiero 85 Hisano-Moroi-Tobe-Yamaguchi-Yanagida Barbieri-Hall-Strumia 95

57. Ｋｅｙ Ｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎ to understand the different mixings  ＳＵ（５） ＧＵＴ Quark mixings(CKM) Mixings of Lepton mixings(MNS) Mixings of have stronger hierarchy than Albright,Barr,Sato,Yanagida,Ramond,,,, have stronger hierarchy than

58. Ｗｈｙ do have milder hierarchy than ？ Ｔｈｉｓ ｉｓ ｂｅｃａｕ ｓｅ ｏｆ Ｕｎｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏ ｎ Next question

59. Unification of Yukawa hierarchies All Yukawa couplings have the same hierarchical flavor structure. Various hierarchies of quarks and leptons Only one basic hierarchical flavor structure (to realize ) Not fix the origin. An example Bando-N.M. N.M.

60. How to fix light modes of ? Light modes

61. SO(10) GUT relations

62. GUT is an interesting target of B factory

63. Weak scale stability requirement   Not strong constraint for because of small Yukawa couplings  If we take, constraints from FCNC, EDM, g-2 etc. become much weaker.  The little hierarchy problem? Natural parameters GeV Kim’s talk Different