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Lips Teeth Tongue Palate Hard Soft Mandible Zemlin, pg 227.
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Adults have 32 teeth Many only have 28 Anatomy of a tooth Crown Neck Root Zemlin, pg 240.
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Lips Teeth Tongue Palate Hard Soft Mandible Zemlin, pg 227.
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“The tongue is without doubt the most important and the most active of the articulators”- Zemlin Alveolar ridge Just behind front teeth (top) Zemlin, pg 251.
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2 parts of the tongue Blade Root 4 parts of the tongue Tip Blade: Alveolar ridge Front: Hard palate Back: Soft palate Zemlin, pg 251.
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Intrinsic Muscles Superior longitudinal: Most superficial Longitudinal, oblique fibers Course anteriorly from the root Contraction: shorten the tongue, turn tip upward Zemlin, pg 254.
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Intrinsic Muscles Inferior longitudinal: Muscle fibers on the underside of the tongue Fibers run between genioglossus and hyoglossus fibers Course anteriorly from the root Contraction: shorten the tongue, turn tip downward Zemlin, pg 254.
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Intrinsic Muscles Transverse: Fibers course laterally Contraction: narrow tongue, elongate tongue Vertical: Course downward (and laterally) throughout the body of the tongue Contraction: flattens the tongue Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception.
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Extrinsic Muscles Genioglossus: Forms the bulk of tongue tissue Strongest/largest extrinsic muscle Lower fibers: connect to the body of the hyoid Upper fibers: connect to the root and blade Contraction: move tongue root forward so tip is against teeth; pull front backward; pull center down Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception.
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Extrinsic Muscles Styloglossus: Connects the styloid process with the tongue Contraction: draws tongue up and back; can draw sides of tongue upward Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception.
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http://antranik.org/geography-of-the-skull/
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Extrinsic Muscles Hyoglossus: Connects greater cornua with the posterior tongue Contraction: retract/depress tongue; elevate hyoid (phonation) Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception.
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Extrinsic Muscles Palatoglossus (glossopalatine): Connects soft palate with the posterior tongue Forms anterior faucial pillars Contraction: lower soft palate; raise back of tongue Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception.
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Lips Teeth Tongue Palate Hard Soft Mandible Zemlin, pg 227.
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Roof of the mouth/floor of the nasal cavity Formed by palatine processes of maxilla (upper jaw bone) Rugae: ridges behind the alveolar ridge Midline raphe: midline/sulcus in the roof of the mouth Zemlin, pg 264.
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Connects to the posterior portion of the palatine processes 1/3 of the soft palate is connective tissue 2 major muscles Zemlin, pg 227.
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Tensor Veli Palatini (Tensor Palati) Connects the pterygoid plates at one end, and forms the palatal aponeurosis (connects soft and hard palates; “skeleton” of the soft palate) Contraction: lowers soft palate; opens Eustachian tube http://www.drjimboyd.com/Masticatory_Musculature04.html
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Levator Veli Palatini (Lavator Palati) Bulk of the soft palate Connects soft palate with petrous bone and Eustachian tube Contraction: raises soft palate, contacts soft palate and pharyngeal wall (to divide oral and nasal cavities) http://imaging.consult.com/image/chapter/Pediatric?title=Temporal%20Bone%20and%20Ear%20%28Pediatric%29&image=fig2&locator=gr2&pii=S1933-0332%2808%2973386-X Zemlin, pg 264.
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Musculus Uvulae (Azygos Uvulae) Connects soft palate and uvula Contraction: raise soft palate Palatoglossus Contraction: lower soft palate; raise back of tongue Palatopharyngeous Posterior faucial pillars Main function in swallowing Zemlin, pg 264.
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Lips Teeth Tongue Palate Hard Soft Mandible Zemlin, pg 227.
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