1. Going home…

2. Three out of many good reasons to go home...
Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology Jena
„Coevolution of plants and insects“
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Learn glucosinolate analysis
Sow some Pachycladon seeds
Poster at the Annual Meeting of the International Society of Chemical Ecology
10th Anniversary of the MPICE,
„ The raison d‘etre of plant secondary substances“
- Fraenkel (1959), Science
Ask for a more money...

3. Some broccoli for lunch? – Research at the Jena MPICE
Glucosinolate diversity –
The mustard oil bomb of brassicaceous plants
Specialist insects disarm the mustard oil bomb:
Pieris rapae (cabbage white butterfly) makes NSP
Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth) desulfates glucosinolates rendering them invisible to myrosinase
+ desulfatase
(P. xylostella)
+ESP
+NSP
(P. rapae)

4. Sampling – 3 Populations per Species
P. fastigiata
P. enysii
F m
E m
F m
E m
E m
F m

5. Distribution across species & sites?
Glucosinolates - Within & Between Species Variation
3MSOP
4MSOB
Allyl
5MSOP
3Butenyl
6MSOH
3MTP
7MSOH
5Pentenyl
4MTB
8MSOO
4MOI3M
P. enysii
P. fastigiata
How many chemotypes?
Distribution across species & sites?

6. Glucosinolates – Clustering Identifies 5 Chemotypes
Distribution
(Site, # Individuals)
Profile #
Found in... 1
P. enysii
3 chemotypes in P. enysii, 2 in P. fastigiata, no overlap! 2
P. fastigiata
Each site dominated by one chemotype, except F3 3
P. enysii 4
P. enysii
Local adaptation or drift? 5
P. fastigiata

7. 4 Arabidopsis ecoypes to play with: Ler, Col, Ws, Cvi

8. Predicting genotypes from phenotypes?
MAM1
C3 gls
C4 gls
MT gls
Alkenyl glucosinolate
Hydroxyalkenyl glucosinolate
AL gls
AOP2
MS gls
HAL gls
AOP3

9. Predicting genotypes from phenotypes?
MAM1+AOP2+
Cvi WS
MAM1-
AOP-
MAM1+
AOP-
Col
MAM1-
AOP3+
Ler

10. GLS loci likely to segregate in P. enysii and P. fastigiata
Pachycladon chemotypes
Arabidopsis ecotypes
Segregating loci
MAM1+
AOP2+ E1
Cvi
MAM1-
AOP-
F1/3 Ws
MAM1+
AOP2+ E3
Cvi
MAM1-
AOP2+ E2
F2/3
n/a

11. Predicted Biochemical Profiles
Do TT7, FAH1, ESP, ESM1 segregate in
P. enysii vs P. fastigiata?
P. enysii makes nitriles
P. fastigiata makes isothiocyanates
Process
Gene Regulation
Predicted Biochemical Profiles
Response to UVB
TT7, FAH1
up in P. enysii
Quercetin & sinapates up in P. enysii
Glucosinolate hydrolysis
ESP up in P. enysii
ESM1 up in P. fastigiata
Glucosinolate biosynthesis
AOP2, MAM1
C4 & Alkenyl glucosinolates 1. 2. 3.
Response to Herbivory
Flavonoid analysis at Lincoln University (field samples)
Analysis of glucosinolate hydrolysis products at MPICE
(greenhouse samples)

12. (super-network by S. Joly, unpublished data)
Ideas for year 2
Comparative transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics across Pachycladon radiation
Transcriptomics:
Microarrays (HortResearch) vs. Solexa (AWC)
Proteomics:
Paul Haynes (Maquarie University)
Metabolomics:
GLS and GLS hydrolysis products (Jena)
Flavonoids (Lincoln)
(super-network by S. Joly, unpublished data)
Candidate gene studies (expression and allele frequencies studies)
Ecological significance of GLS production? (id herbivores, feeding trials)

13. Premliminary GLS survey across Pachycladon radiation
P. wallii
P. exilis
P. fastigiata
P. novae-zealandia
P. cheesemanii
P. enysii
(super-network by S. Joly, unpublished data)
GLS patterns don’t follow phylogeny

14. Workshop on multivariate analysis of –omics data
Principal Components Analysis (Ordination)
Multidimensional Scaling (Ordination)
Hierachical Clustering (Classification)
Linear Discriminant Analysis (Classification)
(implemented in R)
Examples
Volatile bouquets of Medicago leaves challenged with different elicitors
Glucosinolate profiles across Pachycladon populations

15. Going home…