1. Chapter 11 Section 4 MORE TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES

2. Who was Samuel Morse? 18

3. Telegraph Speeds Communication In 1832 Samuel Morse perfects the telegraph —a device that could send information over wires across great distances--- speeds up communication. First message sent: “What hath God wrought”

4. Information is sent on a telegraph through pulses of electric current through a wire. The telegraph operator tapped a bar, telegraph key, that controlled the length of each pulse —Morse Code. Telegraph key

5. Morse Code is a communication system that combines dots and dashes to represent each letter of the alphabet. A short click is a dot. A long click is a dash.

6. Can you figure out the message? ---- -- --- – – – – - – - – - – – - – - – – – – - – - – - – ---

7. 1832- Morse invents telegraph 1844- telegraph wired news of pres. Nomination during Democratic National Conv. Telegraph grew with railroads- companies strung wire poles along railroads. Quicker communication Increased Business Productivity Nation is more united 1861- first transcontinental telegraph line completed

8. Why did cities grow and become the center of industry? 19

9. Cities grow and become the center of industry People immigrate from foreign countries and rural areas for factory jobs Water powered factories are replaced by steam powered factories Business owners could now build factories anywhere Companies begin to build their factories close to cities and transportation centers. Easy access for workers, businesses can pay lower wages, shipping costs lowered By 1860 New England has as many factories as the entire South

10. Who was John Deere? 20

11. John Deere, a blacksmith, invented the steel plow in 1837. The steel plow was able to plow through thick soil easily. By 1846, Deere was selling 1,000 plows a year.

12. Who was Cyrus McCormick? 21

13. Cyrus McCormick developed the mechanical reaper in 1831. This machine quickly and efficiently cut down wheat. McCormick advertised his reaper, gave demonstrations, and let customers buy on credit.

14. McCormick and Deere’s inventions were used by American farmers to efficiently plant and harvest their crops

15. What other inventions came out of the mid- 1800s? 22

16. Inventions that made home life easy & convenient Elias Howe invented the sewing machine Isaac Singer improved the sewing machine- cloth production and repair is easier 1830s- iceboxes, cooled by large blocks of ice, store fresh food safely for longer periods Iron cook stoves replace cooking fires and stone hearths 1830s- matches were introduced 1849- Walter Hunt invented the safety pin Companies mass produce products- ie. a clock in 1800 costs $50, in 1850 costs $1.50

17. THE END