1. Planning the Research Group 1 李懿璇 蘇楨憶

2. Conceptual Framework P120 Experience in practice Previous research Theoretical base

3. Conceptual Framework P122 Aids Sharpens Provides Serves Links

4. Use of the Literature P123 Previous research Theoretical concepts

5. Introduction Credibility Interest

6. The topic I want to learn about___________

7. Statement of the Research Problem or Issue P126 1 theoretical framework 2 knowledgeable 3 gaps 4 research questions 5 sound rationale

8. Purpose 1. To describe the intent of the study 2. To ground it in a specific qualitative genre 3. To discuss the central concept or idea 4. To provide a general definition of that concept 5. To stipulate the unit of analysis

9. Purpose 1. individuals 2. a group 3. a process 4. an organization

10. Useful scripts The purpose of this study is to (describe? compare and contrast? forecast?) the (central concept being studied) for (the unit of analysis: person? group? discursive practices?) using a (method of inquiry: ethnographic design? Phenomenological design? socio-communications design? case study design?)

11. Significance 1. why you do the research? 2. how important it is? 3. how it may contribute?

12. Significance Respond to the following questions: 1. Who has an interest in this domain of inquiry? 2. How will this new research add to theory, policy, and practice in this area? 3. How might it be of benefit to the participants and therefore of significance to them?

13. Overview Questions and Subquestions Avoid questions: 1. appeal yes or no answers 2. imply cause and effect 3. suggest measurement 4. influence, impact, or amount (how, how much, )

14. Overview Questions and Subquestions Required questions: 1. be nondirectional 2. develop as the project unfolds 3. open-ended questions to foster exploration and discovery

15. Overview Questions and Subquestions Why do women from the local community use this clinic? How does it meet their needs? How not? What alternative sources do they use? What are the dynamics of the clinic? How do the women perceive that they are treated? How do the women interact with physician’s assistants? What are the conversations like between the women and the health care personnel? What happens in the waiting room?

16. Limitations No studies are perfect. Be humble. Something that we want to learn, discover, study more.