1. EnvironmentEnvironnementCanada Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia September 5 – 7, 2005 - 1 - Alain David, P.Eng. National Office of Pollution Prevention Environment Canada Workshop on Landfill Gas Development and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM): An Introduction to Landfill Gas Development

2. EnvironmentEnvironnementCanada Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia September 5 – 7, 2005 - 2 - Outline  Part 1: Introduction  Part 2: LFG Generation  Part 3: LFG Management  Part 4: LFG Utilization  Part 5: Kyoto Commitment  Part 6: LFG in Canada  Part 7: Conclusions

3. EnvironmentEnvironnementCanada Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia September 5 – 7, 2005 - 3 - Part 1: Introduction

4. EnvironmentEnvironnementCanada Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia September 5 – 7, 2005 - 4 - Introduction COMPOUNDCONCENTRATION Methane (CH 4 ) 30 – 60% (volume) Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) 20 – 50 % (volume) Oxygen (O 2 ) <2% (volume) Nitrogen (N 2 ) <10% (volume) Moisture (H 2 O) Saturated Trace Compounds e.g. Hydrogen Sulphide, Mercaptans, Vinyl Chloride, Hexane, Toluene, etc. <4000 ppm Landfill Gas (LFG): produced by the anaerobic decomposition of degradable organic wastes in a landfill

5. EnvironmentEnvironnementCanada Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia September 5 – 7, 2005 - 5 - Introduction Methane:  Second most important greenhouse gas (GHG) after CO 2  Global Warming Potential of 21 (1 tonne CH 4 = 21 tonnes CO 2 )  Makes up 16% of global GHG emissions from human activities  Calorific value = 33.8 MJ/m 3 (909 BTU/ft 3 )

6. EnvironmentEnvironnementCanada Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia September 5 – 7, 2005 - 6 - POTENTIAL LFG BENEFITS  Direct use as fuel  Electrical power generation  Pipeline gas supplement  Displacement of fossil fuel  Synthesizing of products such as methanol Introduction POTENTIAL LFG IMPACTS  Nuisance odours  Greenhouse gas emissions  Health issues and toxic effects  Explosions  Vegetation stress

7. EnvironmentEnvironnementCanada Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia September 5 – 7, 2005 - 7 - Introduction Potential LFG Impacts

8. EnvironmentEnvironnementCanada Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia September 5 – 7, 2005 - 8 - Introduction Primary reasons for implementing LFG controls: 1) Mitigate health hazards 2) Mitigate environmental impacts 3) Address nuisance odours 4) Generate revenue by utilizing the gas 5) Reduce GHG emissions