1. The Post-Napoleon World

2.  1. Nationalism: pride in one’s country, heritage, culture, language, history, customs  2. Nation: a group of people sharing same culture, language, history, customs  Ex. Ukrainians, Scots, Native Americans  Nation-State: A group of people of the same nationality under one government  Ex. Germany, Italy

4.  discontent and enlightenment ideas  People wanted control of themselves  Inspired by American and French Revolutions

5.  REVOLUTION: drastic or dramatic change  as much a matter of ideas as they are of weapons

7. ConservativesLiberalsRadicals Composed of: Wealthy property owners, nobility Middle class business leaders and merchants Poor What did they want?  To protect the monarchies  Give more power to elected parliaments  Only let landowners and the educated vote  Extend democracy to the people – all the people

8.  1. The Balkans  Controlled by Ottoman Empire  Vulnerable to nationalism  Greece gains independence in 1830 ▪ Help from European Powers-Why?

9.  Breakdown of Metternich’s conservative system  Liberal middle class revolting against power of aristocracy  Belgians gain independence from Dutch  Italian uprisings led by Young Italy put down by Metternich  Poles revolted against Russia and lost

10.  France  Charles X tries for absolute monarchy  Riots break out in Paris, Charles  Great Britain  Replaced by Louis – Philippe  Louis had “the manners of a citizen and the plainness of dress and demeanor very suitable to an American president, but very unbecoming a descendant of Louis XIV”

11. Charles XLouis-Philippe

13. EEthnic uprisings in Austrian Empire CCzechs, Hungarians EEventually forces Metternich to resign CConservatives regain control by 1849

14.  France  Louis-Philippe loses popularity  Mob violence ends the monarchy, creates a republic  New government collapses because of infighting

15.  Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte (nephew of Napoleon)  Declares himself Napoleon III  Built railroads  Encouraged industry  French economy expands

16.  Russia  Czar Nicholas I wanted to invade the Ottoman Empire, but couldn’t support his army  Czar Alexander II ▪ 1861 – freed the serfs (1/2 land to serfs, ½ to nobles) ▪ Had 50 years to pay off debt ▪ Assassinated in 1881  Czar Alexander III – push for industrialization