1. The Multi-object APO Radial-Velocity Exoplanet Large- area Survey (MARVELS) with the SDSS Telescope Jian Ge, University of Florida Steering Committee Members: E. Ford, E. Agol, S. Guadi, S. Seager, H. Ford & D. Schneider Other MARVELS team members: D. Lin, S. Ida, T. Beers, J. Valenti, S. Hawley, & J. Johnson UF Staff and Postdocs: S. Mahadevan, X. Wan, B. Zhao, J. Groot, B. Lee, S. Kane, M.C. Galvez, C. Werner, J. Liu, H. Zhou & Z. Chen UF Grads: J. van Eyken, P. Guo, S. Fleming, J. Crepp, R. Cohen, & J. Wang Collaborators: G. Henry, W. Cochran, L. Ramsey, D. Montes, E. Martin, F. Leger, S. Snedden, K. Pan, D. Long, S. Shaklan, T. Wang, Y. Wei & J. Zhou

2. Status of Planet Theory and Observations Ida & Lin, 2004

3. Three Key Technical Elements Enabling MARVELS I. Wide field of view of the SDSS telescope: 7 square degree W.M. Keck Exoplanet Tracker (Keck ET) II. Innovative multi-object Doppler dispersed fix-delay interferometer technique ET fibers SDSS fibers III. Flexibility of SDSS fiber plugging: adding more ET instruments and/or other survey instruments (such as APOGEE and BOSS )

4. Schematic Layout for an ET Doppler Instrument HET Fiber Fringes Dispersed Fringes Iodine Cell Fibers Telescope Detector Erskine & Ge (2000), Ge et al. (2002), Ge (2002) Medium resolution spectrograph R=5000-10,000

5. Stellar Absorption Line fringes and Doppler sensitivity Doppler shift:  V  

6. Observations of HD 209458 Field with Keck ET in Dec. 2006, 59 fringe spectra of MS stars with V = 7.6-12.2 ~750 stars are being surveyed at the SDSS telescope since Nov. 06

7. MARVELS Baseline: ~1000 square degree of sky coverage, mainly along Galactic plane ~33 RV measurements over 1.5 years per field ~10 m/s for a V=11 FGK dwarfs in an hour >200 new planets around FGK dwarfs, ~11 transit planets, ~40 planets around giant stars, ~20 planets around active/young stars Detect > 50% Jupiter mass planets at 1 year orbit Simultaneous 120 object high precision RV measurements with two Keck ET interferometric spectrographs in the optical (0.5-0.6  m) with R=8000 10,000 FGK dwarfs and subgiants with V=8-12 & 3,000 G and K giants with V=8-11 in 2008-2014, minimal metallicity and age bias

8. V Magnitude Exploration Regime for MARVELS

9. MARVELS vs. Other Planned Big Surveys in the Next Decade

10. The first extrasolar planet (ET-1, HD 102195, V=8.1, G8V) detected by Exoplanet Tracker (ET) with KPNO 0.9m Coude (Ge et al. 2006) K=63.4 m/s, P=4.11 days, Msini=0.49 M sun, e=0.064, a=0.049 AU Artistic impression of ET-1 planet

11. KPNO ET Doppler Precision and Long Term Stability rms =2.5 m/s, photon limiting error =1.9 m/s rms =5.3 m/s, photon limiting error =4.1 m/s long term stability = 3.3 m/s over 1 month

12. Confirmed Known Planets by Keck ET at the SDSS Telescope in 2006-2007 HD 209458, V=7.7, G0V HD 118203, V=8.14, K0

13. Keck ET Doppler Precision and Long Term Stability Sept – Oct 06 (45 days) Photon limiting precision ~ 6 m/s Long term stability ~ 10 m/s over ~2 months Dec. 06– Mar. 07 (70 days)

14. Part of RV Measurements in November 2006 and February 2007

15. Two Planet Candidates from the SDSS ET Pilot Survey in November 2006 V=10.59 V=11.39

16. In the Red (0.7-1.0  m), search ~1,200 M dwarfs for ~50 terrestrial like planets including habitable planets Search ~40,000 nearby bright F, G, K stars (V< 13) over ~1000 square deg of sky Detect all planets with periods < 18 months and identify planet candidates with longer periods Detect >500 planets, >50 transit planets One 10-object Red ET for M dwarfs Sloan focal plane The Full-scale MARVELS survey Six 60-object optical ET for F,G and K stars Fiber couplers One 15-object optical EXPERT for FGK dwarfs In the optical (0.38-0.6  m), detect ~100 super earth mass planets around 1,500 F,G,K dwarfs

17. Star and Planet Mass Exploration Regime for MARVELS

18. Detection of Earth-like short period planets with MARVELS- EXPERT instrument in optical 2 Earth mass planet, 2.2 day period around a solar type star, K= 1m/s  = 1m/s, 60 measurements, clear detection with 0.1% FAP

19. Red Multi-object ET Survey of M Dwarfs with 0.2-0.5 solar mass Habitable Zones around M0V-M5V are at 0.1-0.5 AU Red RV 10 m/s detection limit Courtesy of Seager and Valenti ~5 m/s for M0V-M5V dwarfs with I =10 in an hour ~7-20 earth mass habitable planets Holy grail region for red ET survey!

20. Three Phases for MARVELS Phase I: feasibility study with a prototype, 2004-2005: first light at Sloan in Mar. Apr. 2005, completed Phase II, trial and pilot survey program, 2006-2008: 1 st Keck ET instrument with 59 star capability, 470 stars are being surveyed 2 nd Keck ET instrument with 60 star capability, August 2007, ~3,000 stars during bright time in 2006-2008, ~ 30 planets Phase III, the MARVELS survey (2008-2014) The initial survey starts with 120 object capability A goal is to have a total of 360 star capability with six full-scale optical ETs, one Red ET and one EXPERT ~40,000 stars, >500 planets Red multi-object ET and EXPERT (need funds) Clone two optical spectrographs (need funds)

21. Future Precision Planet Theory and Observation Studies