1. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique Ankara, Turkey, 13th-15th November, 2007 1 General Technology – Energy Transformation (GT–ET): A lecture for Teaching Profession Education at Universities for the subject Technology at General Schools Erich Sauer for MODULAR TE Module 2 SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES

2. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique Ankara, Turkey, 13th-15th November, 2007 2 Table of Contents Introduction Content of GT-ET Structure of GT-ET Course definition of GT-ET Conclusions References

3. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique Ankara, Turkey, 13th-15th November, 2007 3 Introduction (References /1/, /2/, /3/)

4. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique Ankara, Turkey, 13th-15th November, 2007 4 Duisburg-Essen University degree course scheme and module structure, Teaching profession Technology for Grammar School (Gymnasium) and corresponding age group of Comprehensive School (Gesamtschule)

5. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique Ankara, Turkey, 13th-15th November, 2007 5 Sorting in of the lecture GT-ET concerning Module AT General Technology GT at Campus Essen

6. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique Ankara, Turkey, 13th-15th November, 2007 6 Content of GT-ET

7. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique Ankara, Turkey, 13th-15th November, 2007 7

8. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique Ankara, Turkey, 13th-15th November, 2007 8

9. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique Ankara, Turkey, 13th-15th November, 2007 9

10. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique Ankara, Turkey, 13th-15th November, 2007 10 Structure of GT-ET (References /4/, /5/, /6/, /7/, /8/, /9/, /10/)

11. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique Ankara, Turkey, 13th-15th November, 2007 11 The development of the lecture GT-ET with the structure is as follows: - typing the text as a word document ending with references (bibliography) and annex, - formatting of the head lines to create the table of contents automatically, - scanning (Adobe Photoshop) the graphs, etc. as jpg-data to add the references (copyright), to carry out changes and to create the right size (display scale, DIN A4), - changing the graphs, etc into pdf-data (because of freeware Adobe Reader), - creating the ppt-presentations (software: PowerPoint) and drawings on the board (software: SMART Notebook and SMART Recorder) as avi-format, - linking up the pdf-data, ppt, avi, etc. with the word document in one file, - linking up the references in the word document, - converting (Adobe Acrobat Professional) the word document to pdf-data (because of freeware Adobe Reader), - zooming the graphs, etc. for the view window size.

12. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique Ankara, Turkey, 13th-15th November, 2007 12 Size: 73 pages (DIN A 4) 117 graphs, pictures and charts (DIN A 4) 190 pages Form: 1 pdf-data with links (electronic book) to - 66 bibliographical references, - 117 graphs, pictures and charts, - 1 movie - 3 ppt-presentations - 41 Drawings on the board for Media Player - 24 Internet-homepages Size and form of the lecture GT-ET

13. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique Ankara, Turkey, 13th-15th November, 2007 13 Course definition of GT-ET

14. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique Ankara, Turkey, 13th-15th November, 2007 14 Title of the Course: GENERAL TECHNOLOGY – ENERGY TRANSFORMATION (GT-ET) Semester Main Module Module Teaching Methods (Student Workload) Credit LectureReciteLab.Project Home- work Field study ExamTotal 3 3223043275 Compulsory / Elective Compulsory Prerequisites School-leaving exam Objectives The target of the two-hour lecture is the description of the entire way of the primary energys transformation to effective energy as well as to explain the thermal power station in particular as a complex system of energy transformation. Learning Outcomes Trainee teachers for the subject Technology are able to judge the technical and economic importance of energy raw materials and to describe techniques and procedures with its thermodynamic constitutional and process sizes which are used on the way from primary to collectible energy and waste heat by energy transformation and energy use.

15. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique Ankara, Turkey, 13th-15th November, 2007 15 Bibliographical References Several books like (English translation of bibliographical reference is written in italic types): - Richtlinien und Lehrpläne für die Sekundarstufe II - Gymnasium/Gesamtschule in Nordrhein-Westfalen – Technik; Guidelines and curricula for the Secondary II Level – grammar school/comprehensive school in North-Rhine/Westphalia – Technology, 1. Auflage, Heft 4726, Ritterbach Verlag GmbH, Frechen, 1999, Herausgeber Ministerium für Schule und Weiterbildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany - Jahrbuch 1996 Bergbau, Erdöl und Erdgas, Petrochemie, Elektrizität, Umweltschutz Yearbook 1996 Minining, Crude Oil and Natural gas, Petrochemistry, Electricity, Environmental protection; 103. Jahrgang, Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen, 1996, Germany - Energy for Tomorrow's World - Acting Now!; WEC Statement 2000, World Energy Council, London, 2000, England - Wagner, W.; Kruse, A.: Zustandsgrößen von Wasser und Wasserdampf State quantities of water and water vapour; Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1998, Germany - Baehr, H. D.: Thermodynamik; Thermodynamics 4. Auflage/9. Auflage, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1978/1996, Germany - Sauer, E.: Abwärmetechnik - Kühlsysteme, Umweltprobleme, Abwärmenutzung Waste heat technics – Cooling systems, environmental problems, waste heat recovery; Verlag TÜV Rheinland GmbH, Köln, 1984, Germany and 60 other references!

16. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique Ankara, Turkey, 13th-15th November, 2007 16 Assessment Criteria Midterm Examsx43 % Homeworkx57 % Course Content Week Subjects 1,21 Introduction (guidelines, system model and flow heater, energy-flux and definitions) 3 2 Energy raw materials (calorific value, primary energy market, resources, limits to growth/growth of limits) 4,5 3 Mining and transport of energy (sources of energy, transport of primary and secondary energy) 6-8 4 Analysis of complex energy transformation systems (power plant, heat-flow diagram, material and energy balance) 9,105 Structure of complex energy transformation system (thermodynamics) 11-14 6 Subsystems of power plants (combustion, nuclear reactor, heat exchanger, turbine, generator, transformer, cooling system) 157 Waste heat using

17. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique Ankara, Turkey, 13th-15th November, 2007 17 Conclusions

18. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique Ankara, Turkey, 13th-15th November, 2007 18 -German/English version of GT-ET with history of several years -Graphs, ppts, drawings on the board took a lot of time and efforts -Arguments für GT-ET in Technology education missing textbooks and fast changes in technological developments -Basics for technology not only from Internet but also from academic publications and books for teachers to transfer some knowledge -Content of GT-ET as an electronic book easy to change, new instrument for lecture hall, e-learning, home study

19. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique Ankara, Turkey, 13th-15th November, 2007 19 References

20. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique Ankara, Turkey, 13th-15th November, 2007 20 /1/ Sauer, E. (2006): Allgemeine Technologie - Energieumsatz (General Technology – Energy Transformation). Vorlesungsmanuskript an der Universität Duisburg-Essen/Germany, Campus Essen, Wintersemester 2006/2007. /2/ - (2005): Studienordnung für das Lehramt Technik an der Universität Duisburg-Essen (University degree course scheme for teaching profession education at University of Duisburg-Essen for the subject technology). Duisburg- Essen University, Essen/Germany. /3/ - (2003): Ordnung der Ersten Staatsprüfungen für Lehrämter an Schulen (Order of First state examinations for teaching professions at schools) (Lehramtsprüfungsordnung - LPO -) (Teacher exam regulations - LPO). Ministerium für Schule, Jugend und Kinder des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen (Ministry for school, youth and children of the Federal State North- Rhine/Westphalia), Düsseldorf/Germany. /4/ - (1999): Richtlinien und Lehrpläne für die Sekundarstufe II - Gymnasium/Gesamtschule in Nordrhein-Westfalen – Technik (Guidelines and curricula for the Secondary II Level – grammar school/comprehensive school in North-Rhine/Westphalia – Technology). Heft 4726, Ritterbach Verlag GmbH, Frechen/Germany, 1. Auflage, Herausgeber Ministerium für Schule und Weiterbildung, Wissenschaft und Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, Düsseldorf/Germany.

21. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique Ankara, Turkey, 13th-15th November, 2007 21 /5/ Knizia, K. (1996): Schöpferische Zerstörung = zerstörte Schöpfung? Die Industriegesellschaft und die Diskussion der Energiefrage (Creative destruction = destroyed creation? The industrial society and the discussion on sources of energy). VGB-Buchreihe Mensch, Energie und Gesellschaft, Band 1, Verlag VGB-KRAFTWERKSTECHNIK GmbH, Essen/Germany. /6/ - (2000): Energy for Tomorrow's World - Acting Now!. WEC Statement 2000, World Energy Council, London. /7/ - (1997): RWE Energie Kraftwerk Weisweiler (RWE Power - Power plant Weisweiler). RWE Energie AG Kraftwerk Weisweiler, Eschweiler/Germany. /8/ Baehr, H. D. (1978/1996): Thermodynamik (Thermodynamics). Springer- Verlag, 4. Auflage, 9. Auflage, Berlin/Germany. /9/ Hell, F. (1985): Thermische Energietechnik (Thermal energy technics). VDI-Verlag GmbH, Düsseldorf/Germany. /10/ Sauer, E. (1984): Abwärmetechnik - Kühlsysteme, Umweltprobleme, Abwärmenutzung (Waste heat technics – Cooling systems, environmental problems, waste heat recovery). Verlag TÜV Rheinland GmbH, Köln/Germany.

22. University of Duisburg-Essen, Faculty of Engineering Sciences Campus Essen, Department of Technology (Teaching profession) Prof. Dr.-Ing. E. Sauer Technology and Didactics of Technique Ankara, Turkey, 13th-15th November, 2007 22 Thank you for your attention!