1. Harry Kroto 2004

5. image at: www.cosmiclight.com/imagegalleries/jupiter.htmwww.cosmiclight.com/imagegalleries/jupiter.htm

6. Harry Kroto 2004

8. H 3 + H 2  H 2 +  H 3 + + e - + H h  H 2 Harry Kroto 2004

9. H 3 + H 2  H 2 +  H 3 + + e - + H h  H 2 Harry Kroto 2004

10. See full size image See full size image360 x 270 - 9k - jpg - upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/comm ons/thumb/...Image may be subject to copyright.Below is the image at: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter%27s_ma gnetospher en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jupiter%27s_ma gnetospher

11. See full size image See full size image644 x 357 - 97k - gif - lpap.astro.ulg.ac.be/jupiter/images/uv_blob.gifI mage may be subject to copyright.Below is the image at: www.thunderbolts.info/tpod/2007/arch07/0706 20. www.thunderbolts.info/tpod/2007/arch07/0706 20.

12. Hubble Space Telescope ultraviolet image of the northern pole of Jupiter. Among many other auroral structures, the Io footprint is the most equator-ward feature close to the centre of the image. This spot is always located close to the feet of the magnetic field lines connected to the satellite Io. Credit: LPAP/Université de Liège Scientists have observed unexpected luminous spots on Jupiter caused by its moon Io. Besides displaying the most spectacular volcanic activity in the solar system, Io causes auroras on its mother planet that are similar to the Northern Lights on Earth. The auroral emissions linked to the volcanic moon are called the Io footprint. image at: www.physorg.com/news124979208.htmlwww.physorg.com/news124979208.html

14. The second serendipitous radio discovery Harry Kroto 2004

16. Jupiter’s Auroras and Io Credit: John T. Clarke and Gilda E. Ballester (University of Michigan), John Trauger and Robin Evans (Jet Propulsion Laboratory), and NASA. These images, taken by the Hubble Space Telescope, reveal changes in Jupiter’s auroral emissions and how small auroral spots just outside the emission rings are linked to the planet’s volcanic moon, Io. The images represent the most sensitive and sharply-detailed views ever taken of Jovian auroras. The top panel pinpoints the effects of emissions from Io, which is about the size of Earth’s moon. The black-and-white image on the left, taken in visible light, shows how Io and Jupiter are linked by an invisible electrical current of charged particles called a “flux tube.” The particles - ejected from Io (the bright spot on Jupiter’s right) by volcanic eruptions - flow along Jupiter’s magnetic field lines, which thread through Io, to the planet’s north and south magnetic poles. This image also shows the belts of clouds surrounding Jupiter as well as the Great Red Spot. The black-and-white image on the right, taken in ultraviolet light about 15 minutes later, shows Jupiter’s auroral emissions at the north and south poles. Just outside these emissions are the auroral spots. Called “footprints,” the spots are created when the particles in Io’s “flux tube” reach Jupiter’s upper atmosphere and interact with hydrogen gas, making it fluoresce. In this image, Io is not observable because it is faint in the ultraviolet. The two ultraviolet images at the bottom of the picture show how the auroral emissions change in brightness and structure as Jupiter rotates. These false-color images also reveal how the magnetic field is offset from Jupiter’s spin axis by 10 to 15 degrees. In the right image, the north auroral emission is rising over the left limb; the south auroral oval is beginning to set. The image on the left, obtained on a different date, shows a full view of the north aurora, with a strong emission inside the main auroral oval. The images were taken by the telescope’s Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 between May 1994 and September 1995. image at: www.cosmiclight.com/imagegalleries/jupiter.htmwww.cosmiclight.com/imagegalleries/jupiter.htm