2. PRESENTED BY Annisa Janettia(14700102) I Made Ngurah Yogi Wisnu(14700114) Anggun Eka Pratiwi(14700126) I Gede Kisswa Gautama(14700138) Ni Putu Diah Kumala Dewi(14700150) Puji Oktavi Sumantiasa(14700162) Kumala Sinta Dhamayanti(14700174)

3. DENGUE FEVER DEFINITION Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne disease that occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. A severe form of dengue fever, also called dengue hemorrhagic fever, can cause severe bleeding, a sudden drop in blood pressure (shock) and death. Dengue fever is most common in Southeast Asia and the western Pacific islands, but the disease has been increasing rapidly in Latin America and the Caribbean.

4. DISTRIBUTING Most of these are in tropical areas of the world, with the greatest risk occurring in:  The Indian subcontinent  Southeast Asia  Southern China  Taiwan  The Pacific IslandsThe Caribbean (except Cuba and the Cayman Islands)  Mexico  Africa

5. RISK FACTOR Factors that put you at greater risk of developing dengue fever or a more severe form of the disease include: Living or traveling in tropical areas. Being in tropical and subtropical areas increases your risk of exposure to the virus that causes dengue fever. Especially high-risk areas are Southeast Asia, the western Pacific islands, Latin America and the Caribbean. Prior infection with a dengue fever virus. Previous infection with a dengue fever virus increases your risk of having severe symptoms if you're infected again.

6. S YMPTOMS OF D ENGUE F EVER Symptoms, which usually begin four to six days after infection and last for up to 10 days, may include  Sudden, high fever  Severe headaches  Pain behind the eyes  Muscle pain  Nausea  Vomiting  Mild bleeding (such a nose bleed, bleeding gums, or easy bruising)bleeding gums

7. CAUSES Dengue fever is caused by any one of four dengue viruses spread by mosquitoes that thrive in and near human lodgings. When a mosquito bites a person infected with a dengue virus, the virus enters the mosquito. When the infected mosquito then bites another person, the virus enters that person's bloodstream. After you've recovered from dengue fever, you have immunity to the virus that infected you — but not to the other three dengue fever viruses. The risk of developing severe dengue fever, also known as dengue hemorrhagic fever, actually increases if you're infected a second, third or fourth time.

8. D IAGNOSING D ENGUE F EVER Doctors can diagnose dengue infection with a blood test to check for the virus or antibodies to it. If you become sick after traveling to a tropical area, let your doctor know. This will allow your doctor to evaluate the possibility that your symptoms were caused by a dengue infection.

9. TREATMENT There is no specific medicine to treat dengue infection. If you think you may have dengue fever, you should use pain relievers with acetaminophen and avoid medicines with aspirin, which could worsen bleeding. You should also rest, drink plenty of fluids, and see your doctor. If you start to feel worse in the first 24 hours after your fever goes down, you should get to a hospital immediately to be checked for complications.pain acetaminophenaspirin

10. P REVENTING DENGUE FEVER There is no vaccine to prevent dengue fever. The best way to prevent the disease is to prevent bites by infected mosquitoes, particularly if you are living in or traveling to a tropical area. This involves protecting yourself and making efforts to keep the mosquito population down.vaccine To protect yourself: Stay away from heavily populated residential areas, if possible. Use mosquito repellents, even indoors. When outdoors, wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants tucked into socks. When indoors, use air conditioning if available. Make sure window and door screens are secure and free of holes. If sleeping areas are not screened or air conditioned, use mosquito nets. If you have symptoms of dengue, speak to your doctor.

11. NEXT To reduce the mosquito population, get rid of places where mosquitoes can breed. These include old tires, cans, or flower pots that collect rain. Regularly change the water in outdoor bird baths and pets' water dishes. If someone in your home gets dengue fever, be especially vigilant about efforts to protect yourself and other family members from mosquitoes. Mosquitoes that bite the infected family member could spread the infection to others in your home.

12. UPDATING JOURNAL ABSTRACT Dengue fever, an emerging infectious disease, is increasing in prevalence in many geographic regions, including the Caribbean. It is the most common arboviral (vector-borne) disease in the world, and infects more that 50 million people annually worldwide. The etiological agent of dengue fever is one of four serotypes of the dengue virus (DENV1–DENV4). The infection is transmitted via a human-mosquito-human route, when one or more species of the Aedes mosquito takes a blood meal from an infected host and then feeds on a person who is uninfected. There is no vaccine or cure for dengue fever. Dengue fever is a growing cause for concern in The Bahamas. This year the incidence of dengue fever reached epidemic proportions in The Bahamas. This article will explore the etiology and epidemiology of dengue fever, and offer some insight into how The Bahamas can in the future begin to develop strategies for the eradication of dengue fever.

13. INTRODRUCTION Emerging infectious diseases are new diseases that have not been known to cause infections in humans before, as well as diseases that have been present in the human population for a long period of time, but were previously limited to a few endemic regions. However, due to factors such as the ones that will be discussed in this article, emerging infectious diseases are dramatically increasing in incidence globally (Tortora, Funke, & Case, 2010). These types of diseases are of great concern from a public health perspective because there are often few cures available to prevent or treat them. In addition, the spread of such diseases to new geographic regions where they are not endemic often places a strain on the public health sector whenever there is a new disease outbreak. Healthcare facilities may have limited resources available to treat outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases. They often become overwhelmed in an effort to treat large numbers of new cases in patients who have very little natural immunity to these infections. Last year in Haiti Vibrio cholera caused over 100,000 cases of cholera, including more than 3,000 fatalities. Prior to the 2010 epidemic, cholera had not been observed in this small island nation in over a century (Gorry, 2011).

14. T HIS YEAR, T HE B AHAMAS IS EXPERIENCING A DENGUE FEVER OUTBREAK OF EPIC PROPORTIONS.

15. MOVING TOWARD A DENGUE FEVER ERADICATION STRATEGY The Bahamas is now facing a turning point in relation to the relevance of dengue fever as a public health crisis and potential detriment to the economic viability of the country. It is time for the public health sector, as well as The College of The Bahamas to begin to take measures to develop a comprehensive dengue fever eradication policy in The Bahamas. Although reduction of the Aedes vector population by using insecticides may seem like the obvious route to pursue, it may also prove to be the most difficult goal to accomplish.

16. http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/dengue- fever-reference?page=2 http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/dengue- fever-reference http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases- conditions/dengue-fever/basics/definition/con- 20032868 http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases- conditions/dengue-fever/basics/causes/con- 20032868