1. Accessing Your Health
Ask students to write down a three line statement about their current health. Next ask them to write three things they do that undermine their health. Remind them that being healthy is a choice–that many of the top leading causes of death are influenced by lifestyle behaviors. Ask them to again look at the health statement and the behaviors they have that undermine their health. Give an overview of why behaviors, even those that undermine health, are maintained and suggest that as we move through this chapter they think about how to change those behaviors.

2. OBJECTIVES
Describe the immediate and long-term rewards of healthy behaviors and the effects that your health choices may have on others.
Discuss what Healthy People 2020 is and the determinants of health that this document aims to influence.
Compare and contrast the medical model of health and the public health model, and discuss the six dimensions of health and wellness.
Identify several personal factors that influence your health and classify them as modifiable or nonmodifiable.
Ask students to consider what healthy behaviors they currently employ and why they have them. Try to get them to focus on the fact that behaviors are maintained when they provide immediate pleasure or anticipated reward.
Ask them to consider how old they would like to be when they die. Most will not provide an immediate age but will rather focus on the personal conditions they want to have and if they don't have them then death will be a better alternative. You will hear things like–I want to be alive as long as I can …..
From this move the thought process into the the long term rewards of healthy behaviors.
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3. OBJECTIVES (cont.)
Explain how aspects of the social and physical environment influence your health.
Discuss the importance of global perspective on health, and explain how gender, racial, economic, and cultural factors influence health disparities.
Compare and contrast the health belief model, the social cognitive model, and the transtheoretical model of behavior change.
Identify your own current risk behaviors, the factors that influence those behaviors, and the strategies you can use to change them.
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4. Choose health now for immediate benefits.
Why Health, Why Now?
Choose health now for immediate benefits.
Choose health now for long-term benefits.
Personal choices influence life expectancy.
Personal choices influence healthy life expectancy.
Choose health now to benefit others.
As you go over this slide, ask students to identify the benefits they might expect.
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5. Top Ten Reported Impediments to Academic Performance
Ask students to list their top ten impediments to academic success.
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6. Is health just the absence of disease?
What Is Health?
Is health just the absence of disease?
Is health being in good physical shape and able to resist illness?
The medical model views health status on both the individual and a biological or diseased organ perspective.
The public health model views health as a result of the individual's interactions with the social and physical environment.
Ask student to define what health is for them. Discuss whether the medical model and the public health model are contradictory or complimentary.
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7. The Dimensions of Health
To get students to understand the interrelationship of the dimensions, have them rank the dimensions as they are reflected in their health. Ask them to consider how they could improve their rankings in the lower three and why it might be important to do this.
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8. Wellness and the Dimensions of Health
Physical health: body size and functioning
Social health: interpersonal network and successful interaction with others
Intellectual health: ability to think clearly and make responsible decisions
Emotional health: ability to express emotions and maintain a level of self-confidence
Spiritual health: a sense of meaning and purpose in one's life
Environmental health: appreciation of one's external environment
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9. Healthy People 2020 Determinants of Health
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10. What Influences Your Health? (cont.)
Individual behavior: lack of physical activity, poor nutrition, excessive alcohol consumption, tobacco use
Biology and genetics: genetically inherited traits, conditions, and disposition to diseases
Social factors: social factors and physical conditions in the environment
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11. What Influences Your Health? (cont.)
Economic factors: disadvantages include lacking access to quality education; living in poor housing; being unable to pay for nourishing food, clothes, shoes; not being able to afford utilities, medications, etc.
Having insecure employment, or being stuck in a low-paying job with few benefits
Having few assets to fall back on
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12. What Influences Your Health? (cont.)
The built environment – improvements proposed include sidewalks, bike lanes as part of every federally funded road project
Availability of supermarkets selling fresh foods instead of side-by-side fast-food outlets in inner-city neighborhoods
Pollutants and infectious agents in the air we breathe, our land, water, and food
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13. The Built Environment
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14. What Influences Your Health? (cont.)
Policymaking – policies that ban smoking, laws mandating seat belt use in vehicles and helmets on bikes, policies that require you to be vaccinated before enrolling in classes, and laws that prohibit drinking and driving and cell phone use while driving
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15. What Influences Your Health? (cont.)
Health services – access to quality health care, including counseling and mental health services; access to information and products such as eyeglasses
Health disparities – defined as preventable differences in the burden of disease, injury, violence, or opportunities to achieve optimal health
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16. How Can You Improve Your Health Behaviors?
Change is not easy.
To successfully change a behavior, you need to see change as a process that requires preparation, has several steps or stages, and takes time to succeed.
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17. Models of Behavior Change
Three different types
The health belief model
The social cognitive model
The transtheoretical model
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18. The Health Belief Model
Developed by Rosenstock in 1966
Health behavior change is more likely if
There is a perceived seriousness of the health problem
There is a perceived susceptibility to the health problem
There are cues to action
Ask students to again consider the behaviors they have that may undermine their health and have them evaluate them in light of this model.
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19. Social Cognitive Model
Based on the combined efforts of many researchers but more closely associated with Bandura, the model suggests that change occurs in a reciprocal fashion. We change our behaviors in part by observing models in our environments, from childhood to present–reflecting on our observations and regulating ourselves accordingly.
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20. Social Cognitive Model
Three factors interact in a reciprocal fashion to promote behavior change
Social environment in which we live
Our inner thoughts and feelings
Our behaviors
We change our behavior in part by observing models in our environment.
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21. Transtheoretical Model
Precontemplation stage
Contemplation stage
Preparation stage
Action stage
Maintenance stage
Termination stage
Precontemplation stage–no current intention of changing behavior.
Contemplation stage–problem is recognized and change is contemplated but it may take years
Preparation stage–Close to taking action–there may even be a plan
Action stage–begin to follow actions plans.
Maintenance stage–continue the actions begun in the action stage and work toward making them permanent
Termination stage–Behavior is ingrained and is a part of daily living
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22. Steps to Behavior Change
Step 1: Increase your awareness
Step 2: Contemplate change
- Identify a target behavior
- Learn more about the target behavior
- Assess your motivation and readiness to change
- Develop self-efficacy and cultivate an internal locus of control
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23. Steps to Behavior Change (cont.)
Step 3: Prepare for change
Set a realistic goal: a realistic goal is one that you truly can achieve.
Anticipate barriers to change that may include
Overambitious goals
Self-defeating beliefs and attitudes
Failing to accurately assess your current state of wellness
Lack of support and guidance
Emotions that sabotage your efforts and sap your will
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24. Steps to Behavior Change (cont.)
Use the SMART System
Unsuccessful goals are vague, open-ended; successful goals are SMART.
Specific
Measurable
Action-oriented
Realistic
Time-oriented
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25. Steps to Behavior Change (cont.)
Enlist Others as Change Agents
The social-cognitive model recognizes the importance of social contacts, including watching others change successfully (modeling).
Family members
Friends
Professionals
A signed contract
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26. Steps to Behavior Change (cont.)
Step 4: Take action to change
Visualize the new behavior
Learn to counter by substituting a desired behavior for an undesired behavior
Control the situation
Change your self-talk
Reward yourself
Journal
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27. Ask students to complete a blank version of this contract included in the front of the book.
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28. Place your behavior change contract where you will see it every day.
Let's Get Started!
After acquiring the skills to support successful behavior change, you're ready to apply those skills to your target behavior.
Place your behavior change contract where you will see it every day.
Review the contract to help you stay alert to potential problems, aware of alternatives, and to maintain a firm sense of values.
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