1. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley CHAPTER Introduction to EMS Systems 1

2. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley 1.Define the following terms: a.Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT) b.Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) c.Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) d.Emergency care e.Emergency Medical Dispatcher (EMD) f.Emergency Medical Responder (EMR) g.Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system h.Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Objectives (continued)

3. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley 1.Define the following terms: i.Medical direction j.Medical Director k.National EMS Education Standards l.Off-line medical direction m.On-line medical direction n.Paramedic o.Protocols p.Public health system q.Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP) r.Research s.Scope of practice Objectives (continued)

4. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley 1.Define the following terms: t.Scope of Practice Model u.Specialty hospital v.Standing order Objectives (continued)

5. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley 2.Explain the role of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and its relationship to EMS. 3.Explain the role that the National EMS Education Standards and the National Scope of Practice Model play in shaping EMS around the country. 4.Differentiate the various EMS models in practice around the United States. 5.Differentiate the various components of an EMS system and describe the function of each. Objectives (continued)

6. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley 6.Explain the role that state EMS offices, medical oversight, and local credentialing play in an EMS system. 7.Differentiate the four levels of EMS provider. 8.Explain the various methods used to access the EMS system. 9.Explain the various types of medical direction and how the Emergency Medical Responder might interact with each. Objectives (continued)

7. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley 10.Differentiate the roles and responsibilities of the Emergency Medical Responder from other EMS providers. 11.Describe the characteristics of professionalism as they relate to the EMS provider. 12.Explain the role of the Emergency Medical Responder with regards to Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI). Objectives (continued)

8. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley 13.Explain how state/region specific statutes and regulations affect how an Emergency Medical Responder might function. 14.Explain the role of public health systems and their relationship to EMS, disease surveillance, and injury prevention. 15.Explain the role that Disaster Medical Assistance Teams (DMAT) play and how they integrate with EMS systems. Objectives (continued)

9. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley 16.Explain the role that research plays in EMS and the ways that an Emergency Medical Responder might identify and support research. 17.Participate in simple research activities facilitated by the instructor. 18.Value the importance of accepting and upholding the responsibilities of an Emergency Medical Responder. Objectives (continued)

10. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley 19.Support the rationale for always maintaining a high degree of professionalism when performing the duties of an Emergency Medical Responder. 20.Value the importance of providing the best possible care for all patients regardless of cultural, gender, age, or socioeconomic status. Objectives (continued)

11. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley 21.Model a desire for Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) both personally and professionally. 22.Value the importance of quality research and its connection to good patient care. Objectives

12. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Topics The EMS System The Emergency Medical Responder The Role of the Public Health System Disaster Assistance The Role of Research in EMS Advances in Technology

13. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley THE EMS SYSTEM

14. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The EMS System Timeline of formal system for responding to emergencies American Civil War “corpsmen” trained to provide care for immediate life threats (bleeding).

15. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley EMS Timeline (continued)

16. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley EMS Timeline (continued)

17. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The EMS System Injured transported by horse-drawn carriage; first formal ambulance system in United States. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system: chain of human resources and services linked together to provide continuous emergency care.

18. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Early ambulance.

19. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The EMS System NHTSA components of EMS system – Regulation and policy – Resource management – Human resources and training – Transportation – Facilities – Communications (continued)

20. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The EMS System NHTSA components of EMS system – Public information and education – Medical direction – Trauma systems – Evaluation

21. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The Emergency Medical Dispatcher allocates resources. (© 2005 Scott Metcalfe LLC. All Rights Reserved)

22. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley An EMS Emergency Responder assists the patient.

23. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley EMTs continue treatment en route to the hospital.

24. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The patient is transferred to the care of emergency department personnel.

25. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The EMS System Scope of practice model: national model defining scope of care for all levels of EMS training. National EMS education standards: education and training standards developed by NHTSA for all levels of EMS training.

26. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Levels of EMS Training

27. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The EMS System Emergency Medical Responder (EMR): member of EMS system trained in first aid care who help EMTs at emergency scene.

28. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The EMS System EMS Models – Fire-based: services and infrastructure operated by local fire department or consortium – Third-service: operated by non-fire government or privately owned ambulance services – Hospital-based: operated by large hospital or group of hospitals

29. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The EMS System Scope of Practice – Identifies duties and skills EMS provider is legally allowed to perform – Defined by state and/or regional statutes and regulations – Defines related licensing, credentialing, and certification

30. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The EMS System Activating the EMS System – EMS system must be activated – 911 call to emergency dispatcher who sends responders – Caller may need to dial seven-digit number for ambulance, fire, police, or rescue personnel (continued)

31. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The EMS System Activating the EMS System – Most desirable 911 service is enhanced 911 system – Enables communications center to automatically receive caller information (continued)

32. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The EMS System Activating the EMS System – 911 calls automatically directed to public safety answering point (PSAP) – Emergency Medical Dispatchers (EMDs) receive special training and provide prearrival instructions to callers (continued)

33. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The EMS System Activating the EMS System – Resources dispatched – EMS personnel provide care at scene and during transport – Deliver patient to medical facility

34. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The EMS System In-Hospital Care System – Most patients taken to hospital emergency department – Patient transferred to appropriate in- hospital resources – Specialty hospital: special designation capable of providing specialized services

35. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The EMS System Medical Direction – EMS Medical Director: assumes responsibility for direction and oversight of all patient care. – EMRs act as designated agents of Medical Director – EMS provides standing orders in form of protocols; authorizes rescuers to perform skills in specific situations (continued)

36. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The EMS System Medical Direction – Off-line medical direction: behind-the- scenes – On-line medical direction: orders from medical direction given by radio or phone – Scope of practice includes protocols and guidelines by local jurisdiction

37. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Think About It The EMS System – Has evolved over time – Includes ten key components The Scope of Practice Model defines scope of care for each EMS level. NHTSA developed the National EMS Education Standards to which EMS training is taught.

38. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley THE EMERGENCY MEDICAL RESPONDER

39. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The Emergency Medical Responder EMRs have completed an Emergency Medical Responder course. EMRs are trained to: – Reach patients – Find out what is wrong – Provide emergency care – Move patients without causing further injury

40. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Emergency Medical Responders may work on rescue squads and transport units. (© Craig Jackson/In the Dark Photography)

41. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley They may be firefighter volunteers. (© Craig Jackson/In the Dark Photography)

42. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Emergency Medical Responders may be law enforcement personnel, including state troopers, ATF, DEA, and FBI agents.

43. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Emergency Medical Responders are also rescue team specialists for specific disciplines, such as hazardous materials, confined space, swift water, ice, trench, high angle, cave, and urban rescues.

44. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The Emergency Medical Responder Roles and Responsibilities – Primary concern: personal safety – Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)  Disposable protective gloves  Barrier devices  Protective eye wear  Special face masks  Gowns or aprons

45. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The Emergency Medical Responder Patient-related duties – Size-up scene: first concern, even before patient care – Determine patient's chief complaint – Lift, move, or reposition patient only when necessary – Transfer patient and patient information (continued)

46. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The Emergency Medical Responder Patient-related duties – Protect patient's privacy – Maintain confidentiality – Be patient's advocate

47. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley One of the duties of an Emergency Medical Responder is to safely gain access to the patient. (Photo by Nathan Eldridge)

48. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Emergency Medical Responders lift or move patients when necessary without causing further injury.

49. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The Emergency Medical Responder Traits – Keep emergency care skills sharp and current. – Be willing to deal with people. – Respect others. – Acceptance of patient's rights. – Be honest and realistic. – Be tactful. (continued)

50. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The Emergency Medical Responder Traits – Learn how to care for patients while controlling emotional reactions. – Maintain focus on patient; avoid unnecessary distractions. – Admit stress to emergency scenes will affect you. – Keep uniform neat and clean. – Approach patient with respect.

51. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Frequent training promotes a high standard of care for your patients.

52. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The Emergency Medical Responder Skills – Required to perform certain skills as part of EMR training – Vary from course to course

53. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The Emergency Medical Responder Equipment, Tools, and Supplies – Specialized kits for trauma and medical emergencies and childbirth – Blood pressure cuff, stethoscope, oxygen- delivery systems, suctioning equipment

54. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The Emergency Medical Responder Continuous Quality Improvement – Continuous improvement in quality of product or service being delivered. – EMS product is patient care. – Every component within a system can be improved. – Submit accurate, complete patient care reports.

55. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Think About It EMRs have received training and work in a variety of fields. EMRs are key to providing initial care at the scene of an emergency. EMRs are also responsible for personal safety, professional traits, and participation in continuous quality improvement (CQI).

56. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley THE ROLE OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM

57. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The Role of the Public Health System Ensure quality of life by: – Monitoring health of population – Providing health care – Educating community about disease and injury prevention – Advancing population-based health programs and policies

58. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Think About It The public health system works to ensure healthcare quality. How can the public health system be improved? What is the role of the EMR in the overall public health system?

59. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley DISASTER ASSISTANCE

60. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Disaster Assistance Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT): specialized teams designed to provide medical care following disaster – Deployed on moment's notice if disaster strikes in United States

61. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Think About It DMATs are important to lessening the devastation of a national disaster. DMAT members are highly experienced and trained EMRs who integrate with local EMS systems. After Hurricane Katrina, what did the EMS system and DMATs do well? What could they improve?

62. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley THE ROLE OF RESEARCH IN EMS

63. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley The Role of Research in EMS Research is systematic investigation to establish facts. Organizations gather and verify research that defines how EMS providers practice emergency care.

64. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Think About It How has research influenced emergency care? Why is it important for treatment guidelines, based on research, to be uniform across the nation? How can the application of research and its results be improved?

65. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY

66. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Advances in Technology GPS installation in public safety vehicles (police cars, fire engines, ambulances) – Allows easy navigation to location of emergency, reducing response time – Ability to track location of emergency vehicles

67. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley A typical GPS device installed in an emergency vehicle.

68. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Think About It GPS is a form of advanced technology that has made EMS response more efficient. How can EMRs work effectively during a disaster when GPS is unavailable?

69. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley SUMMARY

70. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Summary Four Levels of EMS Training: – Emergency Medical Responder (EMR) – Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) – Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT) – Paramedic (continued)

71. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Summary EMS personnel dispatched to scene of emergency when dispatcher receives emergency call. Every EMS system required to designate medical director. Emergency Medical Responder's primary responsibility is personal safety. (continued)

72. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Summary EMR's Main Duties – Scene safety – Gaining access to patient – Assessing patient; providing emergency care – Moving patients; transferring care to more highly trained personnel – Protecting patient's privacy – Being patient's advocate (continued)

73. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Summary Emergency Medical Responders – Have a duty to maintain skills – Keep up-to-date with the latest trends and research – Maintain a professional demeanor at all times (continued)

74. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Summary Emergency Medical Responder – Plays an important part in quality of system – May participate in specific duties related to CQI process (continued)

75. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Summary Emergency Medical Responders have a duty to stay informed about latest research findings. (continued)

76. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley REVIEW QUESTIONS

77. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley 1.Describe the various EMS models. 2.Differentiate the four levels of EMS provider. 3.Differentiate between off-line medical direction and on-line medical direction. 4.Differentiate the various components of an EMS system and describe the function of each. Review Questions

78. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley 5.Explain how state/region specific statutes and regulations affect how an Emergency Medical Responder might function. 6.Describe the characteristics of professionalism as they relate to the EMS provider. 7.Explain the role of the Emergency Medical Responder with regards to continuous quality improvement (CQI). Review Questions

79. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley 8.Explain the role of public health systems and their relationship to EMS, disease surveillance, and injury prevention. 9.Explain the role that Disaster Medical Assistance Teams (DMAT) play and how they integrate with EMS systems. 10.Explain the role that research plays in EMS and the ways that an Emergency Medical Responder might identify and support research. Review Questions

80. Copyright ©2012 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Emergency Care, Twelfth Edition Daniel J. Limmer O’Keefe Grant Murray Bergeron Dickinson Emergency Medical Responder: First on Scene, Ninth Edition Le Baudour Bergeron Wesley Please visit www.bradybooks.com and follow the Resource Central links to access content for this text. www.bradybooks.com