1. Lab Exercise # 2Zoo- 145

2. Cells were discovered in 1665 by a British scientist named Robert Hooke. He was able to observe the cell with the use of the microscope. Lab Exercise # 2Zoo- 145

3. Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions. Cells are the basic unit of life All organisms are made up of cells All cells come from pre-existing cells Lab Exercise # 2Zoo- 145

4. Lab Exercise # 2Zoo- 145 The Cells The Tissues The Organ The System The Body Basic structural and functional unit of life Cells group together to form tissues Different tissues combine together to form an organ Different organs combine together to form a system Different systems combine together to form an animal or organism

5. Some cells are capable to live independent which called single celled or unicellular organisms like the protozoa. Classification of the cell 1- Prokaryotic cell: they are devoid of the true nucleus. 2- Eukaryotic cell: they have true nucleus (surround by nuclear membrane). Structure of the cell: the true cell consist of three parts 1- The Central part (nucleus). 2- The Peripheral part (cytoplasm). 3- The Cell membrane encases both of these parts. Lab Exercise # 2Zoo- 145

6. Prokaryotic Cells Do not have nucleus Few internal structures One-celled organisms, Example: Bacteria Lab Exercise # 2Zoo- 145

7. Eukaryotic Cells Contain nucleus and organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms, example: humans Usually larger than prokaryotic cells Plant Animal Lab Exercise # 2Zoo- 145

8. Taxonomy Living organisms are subdivided into 5 major kingdoms, 1. Monera 2. Protista 3. Fungi 4. Plantae 5. Animalia Each kingdom is further subdivided into separate phyla or divisions. Generally "animals" are subdivided into phyla, while "plants" are subdivided into division s.

9. Kingdom Monera 1 cell * No true nucleus * Prokaryote (genetic material scattered and not enclosed by a membrane) * Some move (flagellum); others don't * Some make their own food (autotrophic); others can't make their own food (heterotrophic). * Examples - bacteria, blue-green bacteria (cyanobacteria)

10. Staphylococcus aureus Prokaryotes-Bacteria Found in the human respiratory tract and on the skin

11. Kingdom Protista 1 cell *have a true nucleus - eukaryote *some move (flagella, cilia); others don't *some are autotrophic; others are heterotrophic *examples - amoeba, euglena, paramecium, some algae (unicellular).

12. Amoeba · It is Irregular in the shape · The pseudopodia are the locomotary organs · It has central large nucleus, contractile and food vacuoles Lab Exercise # 2Zoo- 145

13. Paramecium · It is Shoe- sole in shape · The cilia are the locomotary organs · It has two nuclei (macronucleus and micronucleus) and contractile, food vacuoles. Macronucleus Cilia Lab Exercise # 2Zoo- 145

14. Euglena · It is Carrot in shape · The flagellum is the locomotary organ · It has central small round nucleus and chloroplasts Lab Exercise # 2Zoo- 145

15. Trypanosoma · It is fusiform or sickle in the shape · The flagellum is the locomotory organ · It has central round nucleus Lab Exercise # 2Zoo- 145

16. Kingdom Fungi Multicellular * Have nuclei * Mainly do not move from place to place * Heterotrophic (food is digested outside of fungus) *Examples - mushroom, mold, puffball, shelf/bracket fungus, etc.

17. Penicillium Eukaryotes-Fungi Penicillus = brush Penicillium is a genus of ascomycetous fungi of major importance in the natural environment as well as food and drug production 1. hypha 2. conidiophore 3. phialide 4. conidia 5. septa

18. Kingdom Plantae Multicellular * Have nuclei * Do not move * Autotrophic * Examples - multicellular algae, mosses, ferns, flowering plants (roses), trees.

19. Chlamydomonas Eukaryotes-Green algae-Plantae Unicellular flagellates