1. Business English Upper Intermediate U2W09 John Silberstein johnsilb@aol.com

2. Agenda Administrative issue Prepositions Prepositions Exercise Organizational Charts

3. Prepositions What is a preposition? Prepositions are words that establish relationships between things. The bookstore is next to the cafeteria. Think about something happy. The meeting is at 7:00 in the morning, for two hours. I am leaving for Caracas tomorrow.

4. Prepositions About above across after against alongamong around at before behind belowbeneathbeside between bydown duringexcept for frominin front of insideinstead ofintolikenear of off on onto on top of out of outside over past since through to towardunder underneath until upuponwithwithin without

5. Prepositions Preposition Exercise

6. Company Organization Organizational Charts What is an Organizational Chart? An organizational chart is a visual representation of a company’s lines of reporting. They allow employees to understand job titles and areas of responsibility. The also provide direction for escalation of issues. The chart can tell investors and employees how many levels of management an organization has and how efficient or inefficiently it is organized.

7. Types of Companies: Corporations Corporations chartered entity limited liability issuance of shares of easily transferable stock a document, issued by a sovereign or state, outlining the conditions under which a corporation, colony, city, or other corporate body is organized, and defining its rights and privileges. Something that exists as a particular and discrete unit:Persons and corporations are equivalent entities under the law. The liability of a firm's owners for no more capital than they have invested in the business. Sale of stock which represents ownership of a corporation

8. Types of Companies: Corporations Corporations separate legal standing from its owners and protects those owners from being personally liable in the event that the company is sued. (a condition known as limited liability) a more flexible way to manage their ownership structure

9. Types of Companies: Corporations Corporations Ownership of a corporation is represented by shares of stock. Stock comes in two basic types, Common Stock and Preferred stock. Common Stock Securities representing equity ownership in a corporation, providing voting rights, and entitling the holder to a share of the company's success through dividends and/or capital appreciation. In the event of liquidation, common stockholders have rights to a company's assets only after bondholders, other debt holders, and preferred stockholders have been satisfied. Typically, common stockholders receive one vote per share to elect the company's board of directors. Preferred Stock Capital stock which provides a specific dividend that is paid before any dividends are paid to common stockholders, and which takes precedence over common stock in the event of a liquidation. Like common stock, preferred stocks represent partial ownership in a company, although preferred stock shareholders do not enjoy any of the voting rights of common stockholders. Also unlike common stock, a preferred stock pays a fixed dividend that does not fluctuate, although the company does not have to pay this dividend if it lacks the financial ability to do so. The main benefit to owning preferred stock is that the investor has a greater claim on the company's assets than common stockholders.