1. Overview of the Monarchs
Kamehameha IV, Kamehameha V, Lunalilo, Kalakaua

2. Kamehameha IV. (Alexander Liholiho)
Reigned

3. Overview of Life
Son of Kinau (daughter of Kamehameha) and Kekuanaoa, nephew to Kam III.
Educated by missionaries, however did not care much for missionary ways
Married to Emma Rooke, grandaughter of John Young
One child, Prince Albert, died when he was 4 of a fever
Died one year after his son’s death, overcome with grief
Reigned , was only 29 years old when he died

4. Major Events During Reign
He and Queen Emma started Queen’s hospital in 1859 to offer care for sick Hawaiians
Against Constitution of 1852 that allowed every male citizen to vote
Tried to get a reciprocity treaty with the U.S. instead of annexation, did not pass
Reciprocity= reciprocal trading between 2 countries. e.g. Hawaii allows US products tax free and US does the same for Hawaiian products

5. Kamehameha V (Lot Kamehameha)
Reigned

6. Overview of Life Son of Kinau and Kekuanaoa
Last male descendant to Kamehameha
Missionary education
Never married, but was once arranged to marry Bernice Pauahi Bishop (founder of Kamehameha schools)
Died on his birthday Dec 11, 1872 at the age of 42 without naming an heir (He wanted Bernice Pauahi Bishop, but she declined)
Often held hula performances at his home which is now known as Moanalua Gardens

7. Major Events During Reign
Lot and his cabinet wrote the Constitution of 1864, replacing the Constitution on 1852
-Stated that citizens had to meet certain property and literacy requirements
-abolished the position of Kuhina Nui
-turned the legislature into 1 house rather than 2
Tried to get a reciprocity treaty with US in 1864 but President Lincoln was busy with the Civil War, another attempt in 1867 also failed
Japanese-American treaty of 1871 established trade, friendship and rules for Japanese immigration into Hawaii. Hawaii wanted Japanese products and workers

8. William Lunalilo
Reigned

9. Overview of Life
Elected by the Legislature to be King after Kamehameha V in an election. David Kalakaua was the other candidate
Was popular with the people, but never learned how to run a kingdom
Never married and had no children
Died Feb 3, 1874 after 1 year of ruling as King. He was 39 years old

10. Major Events During Reign
Appointed a new cabinet mostly of Americans
Allowed the legislature to make amendments or changes to the Constitution of 1864, Lunalilo died before the amendments could be made
Father Damien goes to Molokai to care for the lepers in 1873
More talk of annexation to the U.S.
Lunalilo decides against a reciprocity treaty that would allow U.S. to have Pearl Harbor

11. David Kalakaua
Reigned

12. Overview of Life Married to Kapiolani, grndaughter of Kaumuali`i
Educated at Royal school could speak Hawaiian and English well
Brother of Lili`uokalani
Revived the Hula after being banned by the Missionaries
Merrie Monarch Festival held every year in honor of him
Built ‘Iolani Palace, the only royal Palace in the U.S. Costing $300,000, a huge sum for that time
Died Jan 20, 1891 in SanFrancisco. Last words… “Tell my People I tried.”

13. Major Events During Reign
Appoints heirs, first in line William Pitt Leleiohoku and next was Lili`uokalani
Appointed a cabinet of a variety of ethnicities
First King ever to visit U.S. in 1874
Reciprocity treaty 1875 with U.S.. U.S. did not want Hawaii to sell all their products to England and thus become special buddies with the U.S.. U.S. wanted Pearl Harbor
Reciprocity treaty renewed in 1887 with U.S. getting exclusive use of Pearl harbor
Railroad and water transportation began 1879
Electricity used in street lamps, HECO started 1892
Telephones started to be used, first in the palace
Population increased by half between 1876 and 1892 due to the large immigration

14. Major Events During Reign
Controversial Decisions
-Dismissing and appointing a cabinet when he felt like it
-Planning his own expensive coronation
-trip around the world, expensive
-building `Iolani palace, expensive
Public Debt went from $389,000to $2,000,000
Secret group called the Hawaiian league formed and planned to overthrow the monarchy and get Hawaii annexed by the U.S.

15. Major Events During Reign
1887. Hawaiian League sends a committee of 13 with armed soldiers to Kalakaua demanding a new constitution be written
-Kalakaua offers to surrender his power to other countries in exchange for their help, but they refuse
-Kalakaua surrenders to their demands
- Kalakaua signs Bayonet Constitution, stripping him of most of his power.

16. Bayonet Constitution
King could not make any decisions without cabinet approval
King could not organize military without legislature approval
Foreigners could vote
Robert Wilcox rebelled with a small army and attempted to restore Kalakaua’s power with a new constitution in 1889, but was unsuccessful. Wilcox was found not guilty for what he did. Event was called Wilcox Rebellion
Kalakaua died before a new constitution was written to replace the Bayonet Constitution