1. Genetics and Punnett Squares

2. Heredity
Passing of traits from parent to offspring
(meaning what you look like, personality, etc comes from your family)

3. Trait
a distinguishing characteristic or quality, especially of one's personal nature
Meaning eye color, plant leaf shape, your chin having a dimple, how long a dog’s fur is, etc

4. Dominant Allele
Allele is the trait
Dominant means more common/ powerful so it COVERS over other alleles
Shown with CAPTIAL LETTER

5. Recessive allele
Allele means trait
Recessive is less common meaning it is more likely to be covered example: blue eyes
Shown with lower case letter of the dominant letter

6. Hybrid
Think about hybrid cars both gas and electric
Hybrids are something new for example: mule’s do not exist in nature they are a donkey and a horse

7. Probability
Chance of something happening
Genetics uses Punnett’s to predict this. They predict offspring traits
Easiest Punnett’s are in four so you have a 25% chance per box

8. Heterozygous
Two different alleles

9. Homozygous
Two of the same alleles

10. Co-dominance
Neither is dominant or recessive so the offspring are new
Example: Red mom white dad (flowers) the offspring will have pink petals 100% new

11. How to start a Punnett?
Draw a box with four parts
Red to find the clues
The rabbits are dominant for red fur. The father is homozygous dominant and the mother is heterozygous

12. Next step
The rabbits are dominant for red fur. The father is homozygous dominant and the mother is heterozygous
The letter is always the dominant trait. So in this case we will use R. SO go to our notes that means father is the same both big so RR and the mother is different R r (little r is recessive)

13. Continued
Male across the top R R
Female down the left side R r

14. Shown on board
Look at #3 on your worksheet

15. Practice
Mice are dominant for black hair and recessive for pink hair. The dad is homozygous recessive and the mom is homozygous dominant. Find % chance of offspring

16. Practice Two
Moose are dominant for purple spots and recessive for no spots the father is heterozygous and the mother is homozygous recessive what are the chances the babies will have spots?

17. Co-dominance Pratice
Mother pig is black and the dad pig has white spots. What will the babies have?

18. GT
Sex linked