1. Bell Quiz (Pages 700-707) 1) Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. base his non-violent ideas on the teachings of 3 people. Name the 3 people. 2) In what year was the SCLC founded? 3) What was the purpose of the SCLC? 4) Who founded SNCC? 5) What is a Sit-in?

2. Answers 1) Henry David Thoreau, Mohandas Gandhi, and Jesus. 2) 1957 3) To carry on nonviolent crusades against the evils of second-class citizenship. 4) Ella Baker and students at Shaw University 5) A protest in which African Americans sat at segregated lunch counters and refused to leave until served.

3. Martin Luther King, Jr. Pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church Earned Ph.D. in theology from Boston University. Called for his own brand of non-violent resistance, know as “soul force”, based on the teaching of several people.

4. Influences on MLK Henry David Thoreau: –Concept of civil disobedience= the refusal to obey unjust laws. Mohandas Gandhi: –Lawfully resist oppression without violence (marches, sit-ins, etc).Jesus: –love one’s enemies

5. Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) Founded by Martin Luther King Jr. and other civil rights leaders in 1957. Used black churches to organize non-violent protests, train citizens in the practice of non- violent tactics, and provide moral support to protestors. Its purpose was “to carry on nonviolent crusades against the evils of second-class citizenship.” Staged protests and demonstrations throughout the South.

6. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) A protest group founded in 1960 by Ella Baker and students at Shaw University. SNCC hoped to harness the energy of student protesters (high school and college age). SNCC adopted King’s ideas in part, but called for a more confrontational strategy. Primarily focused on sit- ins and voter registration drives.

7. The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) CORE was founded in Chicago in 1942. Sought to apply the principles of nonviolence as a tactic against segregation. Staged the first Sit-ins; African- American protesters sat down at segregated lunch counters and refused to leave until served.

8. Sit-Ins: “Fill the Jails” In a sit-in, protesters remain until they are evicted, usually by force, or arrested, or until their requests have been met. Sit-ins have historically been a highly successful form of protest because they cause disruption that draws attention to the protesters' cause. They are a non-violent way to effectively shut down an area or business. The forced removal of protesters, and sometimes the use of violence against them, often arouses sympathy from the public, increasing the chances of the demonstrators reaching their goal. “Fill the Jails”: Must have enough protestors to fill the jails so that no more protestors can be arrested.

9. Greensboro Sit-ins Integral part of the nonviolent strategy of civil disobedience. In February 1960 SNCC members staged a sit-in at Woolworth’s in Greensboro North Carolina. A-A protestors sat down at the segregated lunch counter and refused to leave until they were served. News coverage of the protests showed the entire United States the racism that existed in the South and the violence that resulted.

10. Eyes on the Prize Video Segment: Sit-ins