1. Exploration Narratives

2. Narrative Accounts Tell the story of real-life events. LITERARY & HISTORICAL!

3. Historians and Researchers Use narrative accounts as PRIMARY SOURCES Firsthand accounts: they lived through it Reflect a personal slant Often biased: one sided perspective SECONDARY SOURCES Secondhand account: researched the experience Lose immediacy/accuracy

4. Types of Narratives Journals/Diaries Letters Original Documents

5. Bias an inclination of temperament or outlook; especially : a personal and sometimes unreasoned judgment : prejudice How are narratives biased? How are the different/similar than myths? Is a source valid if it is also biased?

6. Explorers can be seen in different ways Heroes (Positive) Villains (Negative)

7. Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca “A Journey Through Texas” exploration narrative Second in command during the journey through FL Shipwrecked and Cabeza de Vaca and a crew of about 60 men survived—Galveston, TX. 15 lived through the winter 3 survived to the end (18 months of wandering) Journey sparked exploration of Texas. Always encouraged others to explore America Page 43

8. Reading Questions: Understanding “A Journey through Texas” Opinion: Why does Cabeza de Vaca include such detail about the conversation with the Indians in his narrative? Why do the Indians fear going to the village Cabeza de Vaca and his comrades wanted to visit? What prevents some of the expedition group from completing the planned trip? What are some specific details about the region that the writer provides on page 45?

9. Recognizing signal words/transitions PassageSignal WordsPurpose 1. On that same day many fell sick, and on the next day eight of them died. On that same day; On the next day Indicates a time shift 2. We called them “of the cows,” because most of the cows die near there. BecauseIndicates a reason for something happening 3. What from the top seemed easy was, on the contrary, rough and difficult. On the contraryIndicates a contrast— compares 2 or more things. 4. They entreated us not to be angry any longer, because, even if it was their death, they would take us where we chose. 5. The next morning all those who were strong enough came along, and at the end of three journeys we halted. 6. The people who heard of our approach did not come out to meet us, but we found them at their homes.

10. Christopher Columbus Originally from Genoa, Italy Explored from a young age with bigger dreams Petitioned Portugal and was turned down Petitioned Spain—King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella accepted and off he went in 1492 Page 60

11. Author’s Purpose Why write this Journal of the first Voyage to America? Tone: What details convey Columbus's attitude toward the tropical island? Lofty, flourishing trees, wonderfully delicious odor, exquisite…melody of the birds: what is his attitude? DescriptionsPurpose “I went ashore, and found no habitation save a single house, and that without an occupant: we had no doubt that the people had fled in terror at our approach” (60). “A thousand different sorts of trees, with their fruit were to be met with, and wonderfully delicious odor” (61). “I discovered also the aloe tree, and am determined to take on board the ship tomorrow, ten quintals of it, as I am told it is valuable” (61).

12. Based on the readings… Would you say the explorers are heroes or villains? Explain your response using at least one specific quote from the text. Put the citation in MLA at the end of your quote. (Author’s last name page#).

13. Why is bias dangerous? Stereotyping Historical record fallacy

14. How do internal/external influences force cultural evolution?

15. Blogging! You have been given a current event. Respond to this current event on your blog page. Purpose: to create a social forum to discuss your issue and your opinion of this event. Try to be objective in your blog— but remember it is YOUR opinion so support it with facts.

16. Pass your blog Pass blog to the person sitting beside you. Read and respond to the blog using your own opinion of their assessment of the current event. Use your own knowledge of the event as well as the information provided in the blog.

17. Satire: fighting the force of change with a call to change A form of social protest. Fact or opinion? Explain. Satire Videos—fill out definitions in packet

18. Dora The Conquistador Parody of… Irony… Sarcasm… Ridicule… Exaggeration… Victim of "Dora the Conquistador" Doll

19. Look over the satirical cartoons. For each one… Identify the issue it is PROTESTING. Identify the devices it uses (irony, sarcasm, exaggeration, ridicule, parody). Decided if it is effective (yes/no) and explain why.