1. Cells & Heredity Human Genetic Disorders Chapter 4 Section 2

2. Genetic Disorder Genetic Disorders are caused by mutations –Changes in an organism’s DNA

3. Cystic Fibrosis Thick mucus builds up in the lungs and intestines –Hard to breath –Difficulties digesting Northern European Ancestry –On Average, 4 babies per day born in U.S. with CF

4. Sickle-Cell Disease Abnormal hemoglobin formed in red blood cells –Can not carry much O 2 from the lungs to the body African Ancestry –9% of African Americans

5. Hemophilia Blood does not clot correctly –Can easily bleed to death “Royal Disease” –Queen Victoria of England in 1800’s Passed it onto her son and several of her daughters were carriers Her granddaughter married the Russian Czar Nicholas II –Passed the gene to their children

6. Down Syndrome Trisomy of the 21 st Chromosomal pair Mental Retardation –Can be mild/severe Heart Defects –Usually treatable

7. Diagnosing Genetic Disorders Amniocentesis –Doctor uses long needle to remove amniotic fluid Contains baby’s cells

8. Karyotype A picture of baby’s chromosomes –Used to detect genetic abnormalities

9. Genetic Counseling Helps couples to determine their chances of having a child with particular genetic disorders