1. Student Observations on Safeguards at ORNL Facilities TEAM 2 Michael Arwood Alice Begovich Joey Birchfield Ben Farr Tim Jackson Ryan Kelly Alex Okowita August 1, 2011

2. 2Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy Acknowledgements Michael Whitaker Alena Zhernosek Michael Ehinger Mark Baldwin Dyrk Greenhalgh Bill Hopwood

3. 3Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy Physical Security HFIR HFIR/REDC: One road with gate and guard, limited access, concrete buildings with thick walls, radiation in spent fuel casks, radiation alarms, cameras Safeguards Lab: Limited access, cage with safe inside, cameras Graphite Reactor: Secret City with military presence

4. 4Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy Safety HFIR REDC Site access & site-specific training, PPE, signage HFIR/REDC: Radiation alarms, chains and RWPs, extensive use of shielding, computers to control reactor (automatic shutdown), hot cells, procedural controls, hand and foot scans Safeguards Lab: Low radiation sources Graphite Reactor: Railings on stairs and up to reactor, warning when low ceiling, control room with shielding, remote location

5. 5Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy MC&A Limited Access, Training HFIR/REDC: In-house storage of spent fuel, procedural tracking system, quantifiable sources Safeguards Lab: Easily quantified sources Graphite Reactor: Count pins, known location of transfer

6. 6Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy Inspections HFIR HFIR/REDC: On-site DOE regulator, licensing process Safeguards Lab: Inventory Graphite Reactor: Started before standard modern inspections