1. EGNOS Workshop Kraków, Poland 24 Sep 2004 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen GNSS for field checks of agriculture parcel in IACS Simon Kay Joint Research Centre of The European Commission

2. EGNOS Workshop Kraków, Poland 24 Sep 2004 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen Important announcement… We are now the Agriculture and Fisheries Unit

3. EGNOS Workshop Kraków, Poland 24 Sep 2004 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen Context of GNSS use in the CAP Since the deactivation of “selective availability” signal degradation in 2000, the use of GPS in many civilian applications – including parcel area measurement – has exploded; –many off the shelf and customised systems are now used across the EU in the CAP for controls and aid applications alike. Due to the upcoming Galileo programme and the roll-out of EGNOS, these applications are now becoming more precise, reliable and cost- effective.

4. EGNOS Workshop Kraków, Poland 24 Sep 2004 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen Context of GNSS use in the CAP The Big Numbers: 5 million farmers (2004) 50 million fields (2004) Approx €25 million billion in area linked subsidies –Just 1% over-declaration costs the EU tax payer €250 million per year… Field controls Approx 200,000 farm controls on the spot in 2004 –1 million field measurements??? GPS cuts survey time by a factor of 3 to 5 times

5. EGNOS Workshop Kraków, Poland 24 Sep 2004 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen Measuring a field: the CAP way Area measurement Not boundary survey Trace of absolute position Integration with other data Orthoimage, existing boundaries Real time Decision in the field

6. EGNOS Workshop Kraków, Poland 24 Sep 2004 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen Independence of GPS/ESTB signal From Bogaert, Delincé and Kay, in prep.

7. EGNOS Workshop Kraków, Poland 24 Sep 2004 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen Independence of signal From Bogaert, Delincé and Kay, in prep.

8. EGNOS Workshop Kraków, Poland 24 Sep 2004 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen Measuring a field, simulation From Bogaert, Delincé and Kay, in prep.

9. EGNOS Workshop Kraków, Poland 24 Sep 2004 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen Signal related error Operator protocol error

10. EGNOS Workshop Kraków, Poland 24 Sep 2004 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen Measuring in the field Uncertainty is related to –Length of field perimeter Longer perimeters mean better accuracy –Number of points recorded Better to record at 1-sec interval (not 5-sec) Four times the points = Twice the precision Uncertainty is a buffer:

11. EGNOS Workshop Kraków, Poland 24 Sep 2004 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen What uncertainty of measurement?

12. EGNOS Workshop Kraków, Poland 24 Sep 2004 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen Statistical Uncertainty, with ESTB/EGNOS

13. EGNOS Workshop Kraków, Poland 24 Sep 2004 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen Statistical Uncertainty, with ESTB/EGNOS

14. EGNOS Workshop Kraków, Poland 24 Sep 2004 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen System uncertainty, ESTB/EGNOS

15. EGNOS Workshop Kraków, Poland 24 Sep 2004 Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen Bottom line, GNSS services Accuracy is important –For the Commission, a better control system is better use of public funds –Financial implication is already very serious… Confidence in the system is crucial –EGNOS entry in operational phase must work –ESTB does not seem to have prepared fully the user community – clarification on performance still required.