1. Human Blood Types

2. A person’s blood type is controlled by the genes they inherit from their parents. The combination of genes inherited controls what protein/antigens are found on a person’s red blood cells.

3. There are four different genes that control what blood type a person has. Gene A Gene BChromosome 9 Gene O Gene RhChromosome 1

4. These 4 genes code for 3 different proteins/antigens. Gene A codes for the A antigen Gene B codes for the B antigen Gene O codes for no antigen (zero) Gene Rh codes for the Rh antigen

5. The presence or absence of these antigens determine which of the 8 different blood types a person has inherited. A+ Has the A and Rh antigens A- Has the A antigen B+ Has the B and Rh antigens B- Has the B antigen

6. AB+ Has the A, B and Rh antigens AB- Has the A and B antigens O+ Has the Rh antigen O- Has no antigens.

7. What blood type is known as the universal donor and why? O- Has no antigens so there is nothing for the recipient to reject. What blood type is known as the universal recipient and why? AB+ Has all three antigens so no matter what blood they receive they will recognize and accept it.

9. Agglutination: When two different blood types mix and they contain different antigens, the blood will clump or agglutinate. Can A+ blood (A and Rh antigen) be transfused into a person with B+ blood (B and Rh antigen)?

11. Phenotypes and Genotypes: A blood AA or AO B blood BB or BO O blood OO AB blood AB

12. Rh+ blood Blood with Rh antigen Rh- blood Blood with no Rh antigen Rh + is dominant over Rh- Rh+ and Rh+ = Rh+ blood Rh+ and Rh- = Rh+ blood Rh- and Rh- = Rh- blood

13. Lets start simple: Cross a women with AA blood with a man with AB blood. What would be the genotypic and phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

14. A little more challenging….. Cross a women with AB- blood with a man who as OO+ blood. Determine both the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the offspring.