1. Learning Styles

2. What is a style ?
It refers to consistent and enduring tendencies or preferences within an individual.

3. What is learning style?
It is the individual’s natural, habitual, and preferred way of comprehending, processing and retaining new information and skills.

4. Types of Styles Visual - Auditory - Kinesthetic1
PERCEPTUAL LEARNING STYLES
Visual - Auditory - Kinesthetic 2
COGNITIVE LEARNING STYLES
Field independent Vs Field dependent 3
Brain Dominance
LEFT BRAIN
RIGHT BRAIN

5. (1) PERCEPTUAL LEARNING STYLES
Auditory: Learners prefer to listen to the information. (e.g. listening to lectures, …etc)
Visual : Learners prefer to seen the information. (e.g. reading charts,…etc)
Kinesthetic: Learners prefer to learn by acting out the information. (e.g. role play, acting, movement)

8. (2)COGNITIVE LEARNING STYLES
Field Independence:
Ability to observe parts and details from a whole.
Field dependent
Ability to observe the whole picture and general ideas.
Personality:
independent/ confident/competitive
social/ empathetic/ derive their self identity from people around them
SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING: successful learning through class exercises, activities, drilling and other focused activities.
SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING: successful learning through communication.

9. Field Independence: Field dependent Advantages: Disadvantages:
Help to concentrate more on something.
Help to analyze separate variables without being effected by other factors.
They can see the whole picture of a problem or an idea.
Disadvantages:
Learners fail to se the whole picture.
A person may get distracted easily, and may not be able to see details or variables.

10. HOW DOES RESEARCH ON STYLES GUIDE TEACHERS?
learners should be encouraged to use all means available for them.
Teachers should realized that there is no one perfect method or textbook for all types of learners.
Teachers should help student become aware of their learning styles (by using questionnaires, informing)

11. Encourage students to expand their style preference and try other styles.
Help students take charge of their own learning and know their strengths (Autonomy)

12. Conculsion Both styles are important.
Learners can both FI and FD. They might prefer one style over the other regarding the context available for them.
As a result, learners have to use the appropriate style for the context.
teachers have to understand the preferred style of each learner.

13. (3) Left-Right Brain Dominance
The left hemisphere is associated with logical, analytical thought, with mathematical and linear processing of information.
The right hemisphere perceives and remember visual, tactile, and auditory images, and more efficient in processing holistic, integrative and emotional information.
Check Table 5.1. , p.125 in Brown’s book

14. (3) Left-Right Brain Dominance Check Table 5. 1. , p
(3) Left-Right Brain Dominance Check Table 5.1. , p.125 in Brown’s book
The left hemisphere is associated with logical, analytical thought, with mathematical and linear processing of information.
The right hemisphere perceives and remember visual, tactile, and auditory images, and more efficient in processing holistic, integrative and emotional information.
FIELD INDEPENDENT
FIELD DEPENDENT
Second language learning
Deductive teaching in the classroom.
(better in producing separate words, classifications, labeling, and reorganization)
Inductive teaching.
(better when dealing with images, generalizations, metaphors, and emotional reactions and artistic expression)