1. Gabija Kiburtaitė Psbns09-02

2.  Trait theory – a model of personality that seeks to identify the basic traits necessary to describe personality.  Traits – consistent personality characteristics and behaviors displayed in different situations.

3.  Developed by Hyppocrates (460- 370 BC) as medical theory  I. Pavlov researched how dogs with different temperaments reacts to stimuli  Sanguine  Choleric  Melancholic  Phlegmatic

4.  Developed by R. Cattell (1965) using factors analysis  List of all 16 traits: Warm Reasoning Emotional Stability Dominance Liveliness Rule-Consciousness Social Boldness Sensitivity Vigilance Abstractedness Privateness Apprehension Openness to Change Self-Reliance Perfectionism Tension

5.  This theory was also developed using factors analysis.  R. Cattell used inductive method, while H. Eyesenck used deductive one.  3 main personality traits: extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism.  These 3 traits are largely unrelated.

6. Extraversion Sociable Lively Active Assertive Sensation-seeking Carefree Dominant Surgent Venturesome Neuroticism Anxious Depressed Guilt feelings Low self-esteem Tense Irrational Shy Moody Emotional Psychoticism Aggressive Cold Egocentric Impersonal Impulsive Antisocial Unempathetic Creative Tought-Minded

8.  Five-factor personality inventory was created in 1985 by P. T. Costa and R. R. McCare.  Main 5 personality traits are Extraversion, Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, Agreebleness and Openness to experience.  These 5 factors can be abbreviated as OCEAN.  Each of 5 factors has 6 subfactors called facets.  The Big Five is the most popular and influential trait approach today.

9.  Extraversion means energy, positive emotions and the tendency to seek stimulation in the company of others. Extraversion Warmth Gregariousness AssertivenessActivityExcitement-SeekingPositive Emotions

10.  Neuroticism is an enduring tendency to experience negative emotional states. Neuroticism Anxiety Angry Hostility DepressionSelf-ConsciousnessImpulsivenessVulnerability

11.  Conscientiousness includes traits like being organized and planful. Concientiousness CompetenceOrderDutifulnessAchievement StrivingSelf-DisciplineDeliberation

12. Which room’s owner more likely has high conscientiousness? Which one of 6 facets of conscientiousness these pictures represent?

13.  Agreebleness trait distinguishes soft- hearted people from ruthless ones. Agreebleness TrustStraightforwardnessAltruismComplianceModestyTender-Mindedness

14.  Openness to experience trait distinguishes people who prefer variety from whose who prefer familiar and traditional things. Itincludes traits like having wide interests and being imaginative. Openness Fantasy Aesthetics FeelingsActionsIdeasValues

15.  Everyone has the same personality traits at varying degree.  There are many different trait theories, but no one of them can encompass the whole personality.  Trait theories allow easy comparison between individuals.  Trait theories only describe personality – they do not explain it.

16.  Feldman R. S. Understanding Psychology. 9 th ed. // McGraw-Hill: Higher Education, Boston, 2009.  Ryckman R. M. Theories of personality. 9 th ed. // Thomson Wadsworth, Belmont, 2008.  Feist J., Feist G. J. Theories of personality. 7 th ed. // McGraw- Hill, Boston, 2006.  Engler B. Personality Theories: An Introduction. 8 th ed. // Wadsworth: Cengage Learning, Belmont, 2009.  Pictures:  http://www.creativeclass.com/creative_class/_wordpress/wp- content/uploads/2009/01/personality.jpg http://www.creativeclass.com/creative_class/_wordpress/wp- content/uploads/2009/01/personality.jpg  http://edtechvision.wikispaces.com/file/view/Holland03Jobs.gif/32785499/Holland03Jobs.gif http://edtechvision.wikispaces.com/file/view/Holland03Jobs.gif/32785499/Holland03Jobs.gif  http://www.committedmarriage.com/images/Personality.jpg http://www.committedmarriage.com/images/Personality.jpg  http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Four_temperament.PNG http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Four_temperament.PNG  http://www.greekmedicine.net/images/Individual%20Temperament.jpg http://www.greekmedicine.net/images/Individual%20Temperament.jpg  http://thebloggersdesktop.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/personality_business_owners.jpg http://thebloggersdesktop.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/personality_business_owners.jpg  http://www.savagechickens.com/images/chickenextravert.jpg http://www.savagechickens.com/images/chickenextravert.jpg  http://lazylaces.brinkster.net/pics/center_tidy_room.jpg http://lazylaces.brinkster.net/pics/center_tidy_room.jpg  http://www.slimyfish.net/images/blog/messy.jpg http://www.slimyfish.net/images/blog/messy.jpg  http://www.trans4mind.com/personality/eysenck_chart.png http://www.trans4mind.com/personality/eysenck_chart.png  http://is1.okcupid.com/users/800/424/8014240653472578259/mt1166926835.jpg http://is1.okcupid.com/users/800/424/8014240653472578259/mt1166926835.jpg  http://customersrock.files.wordpress.com/2007/06/people.jpg http://customersrock.files.wordpress.com/2007/06/people.jpg  http://www.davidgeere.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/MessyDesk.jpg http://www.davidgeere.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/MessyDesk.jpg  http://www.nancysteinbockposters.com/posters/images/friendliness.jpg http://www.nancysteinbockposters.com/posters/images/friendliness.jpg  http://www.toxel.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/mutabledesigns24.jpg http://www.toxel.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/11/mutabledesigns24.jpg