1. SRLDC 1 POWER SYSTEM OPERATION A FRESH PERSPECTIVE Power Grid Corporation of India Limited New Delhi, India

2. SRLDC 2 SYSTEM EVOLUTION LIKE ALL MAJOR POWER SYSTEMS, THE INDIAN POWER SYSTEM EVOLVED BY INTEGRATING SMALL ISOLATED SYSTEMS LIKE ALL MAJOR POWER SYSTEMS, THE INDIAN POWER SYSTEM EVOLVED BY INTEGRATING SMALL ISOLATED SYSTEMS PRESENTLY, THREE MAJOR GRIDS ARE IN OPERATION – CONNECTED ASYNCHRONOUSLY – MEETING A DEMAND OF OVER 85000 MW PRESENTLY, THREE MAJOR GRIDS ARE IN OPERATION – CONNECTED ASYNCHRONOUSLY – MEETING A DEMAND OF OVER 85000 MW OUR TARGET – A NATIONAL GRID BY 2010 OUR TARGET – A NATIONAL GRID BY 2010

3. SRLDC 3 LOOKING BACK WHAT WAS WRONG FREQUENT GRID DISTURBANCES / BLACKOUTS FREQUENT GRID DISTURBANCES / BLACKOUTS WIDE FREQUENCY/VOLTAGE EXCURSIONS WIDE FREQUENCY/VOLTAGE EXCURSIONS TRANSMISSION BOTTLENECKS TRANSMISSION BOTTLENECKS SUB-OPTIMAL OPERATION SUB-OPTIMAL OPERATION STRESSED EQUIPMENTS AND OPERATORS STRESSED EQUIPMENTS AND OPERATORS

4. SRLDC 4 LOOKING BACK WHAT WENT RIGHT POWERGRID DECLARED CTU (CENTRAL TRANSMISSION UTILITY). POWERGRID DECLARED CTU (CENTRAL TRANSMISSION UTILITY). VESTED WITH TASK OF SYSTEM OPERATION. VESTED WITH TASK OF SYSTEM OPERATION. LOAD DISPATCH CENTRES GIVEN ‘APEX’ STATUS. LOAD DISPATCH CENTRES GIVEN ‘APEX’ STATUS. SYSTEM AUGMENTATION WORKS STARTED WITH RIGHT EARNEST SYSTEM AUGMENTATION WORKS STARTED WITH RIGHT EARNEST A SCIENTIFIC BULK POWER TARIFF AND SETTLEMENT MECHANISM PUT IN PLACE A SCIENTIFIC BULK POWER TARIFF AND SETTLEMENT MECHANISM PUT IN PLACE A GRID CODE WAS ENFORCED A GRID CODE WAS ENFORCED

5. SRLDC 5 RELIABILITY FOCUS RELIABLE POWER SYSTEM IS THE BACKBONE OF A DEVELOPING ECONOMY RELIABLE POWER SYSTEM IS THE BACKBONE OF A DEVELOPING ECONOMY SYNERGISE POLICIES AND DECISIONS TO PROMOTE RELIABILITY SYNERGISE POLICIES AND DECISIONS TO PROMOTE RELIABILITY

6. SRLDC 6 STRATEGIES FOR RELIABILITY ROBUST TRANSMISSION PLANNING AND INVESTMENT FRAMEWORK ROBUST TRANSMISSION PLANNING AND INVESTMENT FRAMEWORK SYSTEM AUGMENTED EXCLUSIVELY FOR RELIABILITY AND STABILITY SYSTEM AUGMENTED EXCLUSIVELY FOR RELIABILITY AND STABILITY AGGRESSIVE CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULES AGGRESSIVE CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULES SCHEDULING AND SETTLEMENT MECHANISM COMPLEMENTS GRID SECURITY. SCHEDULING AND SETTLEMENT MECHANISM COMPLEMENTS GRID SECURITY.

7. SRLDC 7 STRATEGIES FOR RELIABILITY GRID CONTROL CENTERS MANNED BY SPECIALISED SENIOR PERSONNEL GRID CONTROL CENTERS MANNED BY SPECIALISED SENIOR PERSONNEL TRAINED IN ALL ASPECTS (TECHNICAL, MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS) TRAINED IN ALL ASPECTS (TECHNICAL, MANAGEMENT AND COMMUNICATION SKILLS) EMPOWERED FOR EXIGENCIES EMPOWERED FOR EXIGENCIES LOOSE POWER POOL PHILOSOPHY LOOSE POWER POOL PHILOSOPHY FLEXIBILITY IN OPERATION FLEXIBILITY IN OPERATION

8. SRLDC 8 OPERATING IN THE REAL TIME

9. SRLDC 9 REAL TIME OPERATION SIMPLE, BUT EFFECTIVE TOOLS SIMPLE, BUT EFFECTIVE TOOLS HOLISTIC APPROACH RATHER THAN RELYING ONLY ON ELABORATE CODIFIED PROCEDURES HOLISTIC APPROACH RATHER THAN RELYING ONLY ON ELABORATE CODIFIED PROCEDURES CO-OPERATIVE CULTURE CO-OPERATIVE CULTURE

10. SRLDC 10 REAL TIME OPERATION IEGCABT REAL TIME OPERATION REAL TIME OPERATION STANDS ON TWO FIRM FOOTINGS REAL TIME OPERATION STANDS ON TWO FIRM FOOTINGS IEGC – THE INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODE IEGC – THE INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODE ABT – AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF ABT – AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF

11. SRLDC 11 INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODE (IEGC) SIMPLE, COMPREHENSIVE AND EFFECTIVE SIMPLE, COMPREHENSIVE AND EFFECTIVE JUST ABOUT 50 PAGES JUST ABOUT 50 PAGES DYNAMIC DOCUMENT DYNAMIC DOCUMENT ADAPTIVE TO GRID REQUIREMENTS ADAPTIVE TO GRID REQUIREMENTS CLARITY IN ROLES OF STAKE HOLDERS CLARITY IN ROLES OF STAKE HOLDERS

12. SRLDC 12 IEGC ENCOMPASSES….. Role of Stakeholders, statutory bodies and their Organisational linkages Role of Stakeholders, statutory bodies and their Organisational linkages Planning Code for Inter State Transmission Planning Code for Inter State Transmission Connection Conditions Connection Conditions Operating Code for Regional Grids Operating Code for Regional Grids Scheduling and Despatch Code Scheduling and Despatch Code Management of Indian Electricity Grid Code Management of Indian Electricity Grid Code

13. SRLDC 13 AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF

14. SRLDC 14 AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF A RATIONAL TARIFF STRUCTURE A RATIONAL TARIFF STRUCTURE SCIENTIFIC SETTLEMENT SYSTEM SCIENTIFIC SETTLEMENT SYSTEM COMPLEMENTS GRID RELIABILITY COMPLEMENTS GRID RELIABILITY ENCOURAGE THOSE WHO HELP THE GRID AND DISCOURAGE THOSE WHO UNDERMINE RELIABILITY ENCOURAGE THOSE WHO HELP THE GRID AND DISCOURAGE THOSE WHO UNDERMINE RELIABILITY SIMPLE AND EFFECTIVE SIMPLE AND EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTED SUCCESSFULLY IN INDIA

15. SRLDC 15 WHAT IS AVAILABILITY TARIFF? FIXED COST α PLANT AVAILABILITY. FIXED COST α PLANT AVAILABILITY. VARIABLE COST α SCHEDULED GENERATION VARIABLE COST α SCHEDULED GENERATION DEVIATIONS :- UNSCHEDULED INTERCHANGE(UI), ATTRACT A FREQUENCY LINKED CHARGE. DEVIATIONS :- UNSCHEDULED INTERCHANGE(UI), ATTRACT A FREQUENCY LINKED CHARGE.

16. SRLDC 16 49 HZ 50.5 HZ 49.5 HZ 50 HZ 49.5 HZ CORRESPONDS TO RS.2.80 UI PRICE AND FREQUENCY UI PRICE AND FREQUENCY

17. SRLDC 17 THE POWER OF UI LINKED TO FREQUENCY – LINKED TO FREQUENCY – COLLECTIVELY CONTROLLED, DEMOCRATICALLY STABILISED COLLECTIVELY CONTROLLED, DEMOCRATICALLY STABILISED KNOWN ONLINE TO ALL – TRANSPARENCY KNOWN ONLINE TO ALL – TRANSPARENCY A ‘WIN-WIN’ PLATFORM A ‘WIN-WIN’ PLATFORM SELF-HEALING PROPERTY SELF-HEALING PROPERTY SIMPLE – NO ELABORATE CALCULATION REQUIRED SIMPLE – NO ELABORATE CALCULATION REQUIRED NO FEAR OF PRICE RIGGING NO FEAR OF PRICE RIGGING NO NEED FOR NEGOTIATING NO NEED FOR NEGOTIATING PROMOTES DISCIPLINE PROMOTES DISCIPLINE STRONG NASH EQUILIBRIUM STRONG NASH EQUILIBRIUM DOVETAILS WITH THE LOOSE POWER POOL PHILOSOPHY DOVETAILS WITH THE LOOSE POWER POOL PHILOSOPHY PLATFORM FOR A POWER MARKET PLATFORM FOR A POWER MARKET

18. SRLDC 18 THE POWER OF UI UI VECTOR SENDS THE SIGNALS FOR UI VECTOR SENDS THE SIGNALS FOR OPTIMISATION IN THE CONTROL AREA OPTIMISATION IN THE CONTROL AREA REALISTIC LOAD-GENERATION PLANNING REALISTIC LOAD-GENERATION PLANNING TRADE, BILATERALS AND CONTRACTS TRADE, BILATERALS AND CONTRACTS INDIAN EQUIVALENT OF THE SPOT AND BALANCING MARKET INDIAN EQUIVALENT OF THE SPOT AND BALANCING MARKET

19. SRLDC 19 POWER SYSTEM RESTORATION PHILOSOPHYANDSTRATEGIES

20. SRLDC 20 …IF SOMETHING CAN GO WRONG, IT WILL! MEN EQUIPMENT PROCEDURE PREPAREDNESS OF THE THREE VITAL ELEMENTS ARE THE KEY FOR SUCCESSFUL RESTORATION

21. SRLDC 21 RESTORATION PHILOSOPHY EMPOWEREMENT OF SYSTEM OPERATORS EMPOWEREMENT OF SYSTEM OPERATORS SYNERGISTIC CONFLUENCE OF PROCEDURES AND OPERATOR JUDGEMENT SYNERGISTIC CONFLUENCE OF PROCEDURES AND OPERATOR JUDGEMENT PERIODIC REVIEW PERIODIC REVIEW MOCK DRILLS MOCK DRILLS ‘COMMANDO’ FORCE ‘COMMANDO’ FORCE RIGHT PERSON AT THE RIGHT PLACE RIGHT PERSON AT THE RIGHT PLACE HOLISTIC APPROACH HOLISTIC APPROACH

22. SRLDC 22 PITFALLS TO AVOID FOCUS ON PROCESS RATHER THAN THE GOAL FOCUS ON PROCESS RATHER THAN THE GOAL PERVASIVE AUTOMATION PERVASIVE AUTOMATION COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS OVER- RIDING RELIABILITY ISSUES COMMERCIAL TRANSACTIONS OVER- RIDING RELIABILITY ISSUES TIGHT CONTROL OF PARAMETERS TIGHT CONTROL OF PARAMETERS COMPLEX CONTROL HIERARCHY COMPLEX CONTROL HIERARCHY EVERYONE IS CONNECTED – …………………..NO ONE IS IN CONTROL EVERYONE IS CONNECTED – …………………..NO ONE IS IN CONTROL

23. SRLDC 23