1. Chapter 2 Matter and Change Chemistry pg. 38

2. 2.1 Properties of Matter Properties used to describe matter are classified as: 1. Extensive – depends on the amount of matter in a sample ex. Mass, volume 2. Intensive – depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount ex. Color, hardness, boiling point

3. Substance Matter that has a uniform and definite composition ex. Gold, copper (pure substances) Every sample has identical intensive properties because every sample has the same composition

4. Physical Property A quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition Help chemists identify substances Hardness Color Conductivity Malleability (see Table 2.1, Pg. 40)

5. Three states of matter Solid-definite shape, volume, not easily compressed Liquid-indefinite shape, flows, definite volume, almost incompressible Gas-indefinite shape, indefinite volume, easily compressed http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/ character.html http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/ character.html

6. Physical Changes Properties of a material change but the composition does not ex. Boil, freeze, melt, condense AND break, split, grind, cut, crush Physical changes can be REVERSIBLE or IRREVERSIBLE

7. Classifying Matter (2.2 and 2.3) Matter…has mass, takes up space Mixture…physical blend of two or more components – Based on distribution, can be homogeneous or heterogeneous

8. Heterogeneous Matter The composition is not uniform throughout Considered a mixture because more than one phase – Any region with a uniform set of properties Examples?

9. Homogeneous Matter The composition is uniform throughout One phase…components evenly distributed Mixture (solution) Substance

10. Solutions Homogeneous mixtures Solute in a solvent (dissolves the solute) Many are liquids, but can be gases or solids

11. Substances Homogeneous matter, same composition throughout ElementsCompounds -one kind of atom -2 or more elements chemically joined -fixed proportions

12. Not sure, use the chart

13. Separating mixtures Distillation - a liquid is boiled to produce a vapor which is condensed into a liquid Other ways? distillation How to perform simple distillation in the chemistry lab | Wonder How To How to perform simple distillation in the chemistry lab | Wonder How To

14. 2.3 Elements and Compounds Substances classified as 1. ____________- simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties (O, H) 2. ___________- substance that contains 2 or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion (C 6 H 12 O 6 )

15. Compounds can be broken down by _____________ means. Elements cannot be broken down Chemical change produces matter with a different composition than the original matter Sugar Carbon + Water

16. Properties of Compounds Generally, properties of compounds are different from their component elements Sodium - soft, gray metal, reacts with oxygen + Chlorine - yellow-green poisonous gas Sodium chloride Reaction

17. Distinguishing Substances and Mixtures If the composition of a material is fixed, the material is a substance examples? If the composition of a material may vary, the material is a mixture examples?

18. Classifying Matter

19. Classify the following materials as an element, compound, or mixture. a. Table salt b. Salt water c. Sodium

20. Symbols and Formulas Chemical symbols elements O, C, Na, Ne Chemical formulas compounds CO 2, H 2 O

21. 2.4 Chemical Reactions Chemical Property – the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change (describes the way a substance may react to form other substances) examples? - can be observed only when a substance undergoes a chemical change

22. Fig. 2.13 (pg. 53) Chemical reaction S + Fe *physical - composition of matter never changes *chemical – composition of matter always changes Chemical change = chemical reaction Reactants Products

23. Chemical change = chemical reaction (one or more substances change into one or more new substances) Reactants Products

24. Recognizing Chemical Changes 4 Ways: 1. 2. 3. 4.

25. Precipitate an insoluble substance that forms in, and separates from, a solution

26. Identify clues for chemical changes magnesium ribbon in flame Sodium iodide solution added to mercury(II) chloride solution

27. Law of Conservation of Mass In any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is ________________. mass of products = mass of reactants