1. An Introduction to Networking

2. Let us get acquainted!
What is your name and how would you like us to address you?
What is your background in networking (classes, experience)?
Why did you sign up for this class and what are your expectations?
Would you be interested in the CCNA, CCNP, MCSE, MCSA track?
What is your next step in technical training and industry certification after finishing this class?

3. Networks and Standalone Computers
Group of computers and other devices connected by some type of transmission media
Networks enable users to share devices and data, collectively called a network’s resources
Standalone computer
Uses programs and data only from its local disks and is not connected to a network

4. Sneakernet
Method of sharing data by copying it to a disk and carrying the disk from computer to computer

5. Local and Remote Computers
Local computer
Computer on which user is working
Remote computer
Computer that user controls or works on via network connection

6. Peer-to-Peer Network
Computers communicate on single segment of cable and share each other’s data and devices
Simple example of a local area network (LAN)

7. Local Area Network (LAN)
Network of computers and other devices confined to relatively small space
LANs involving many computers are usually server-based
On a server-based network, special computers (known as servers) process data for and facilitate communication between other computers on the network (known as clients)

8. Networking Basics Workstation Client/server architecture
Computer that typically runs a desktop operating system and connects to a network
Client/server architecture
Networking model in which clients use central server to share applications, devices, and data

9. Networking Basics Client/server network Network operating system
Network based on client/server architecture
Network operating system
Special software designed to manage data and other resources on a server for a number of clients

10. Networking Basics

11. Advantages of Server-Based over Peer-to-Peer Networks
User login accounts and passwords can be assigned in one place
Access to multiple shared resources can be centrally granted
Servers are optimized to handle heavy processing loads and dedicated to handling requests from clients
Servers can connect more than a handful of computers

12. MANs and WANs Metropolitan area network (MAN) Wide area network (WAN)
Network connecting clients and servers in multiple buildings within limited geographic area
Wide area network (WAN)
Network that spans large distance and connects two or more LANs
The Internet is an example of a very intricate and extensive WAN that spans the globe

13. WAN

14. Elements Common to All Server-Based Networks
Client
In addition to referring to a computer on the network, may also refers to human user of client workstation
Server
Workstation
Network interface card (NIC)
Enables workstation to connect to the network and communicate with other computers

15. Elements Common to All Server-Based Networks

16. Elements Common to All Server-Based Networks
Network operating system (NOS)
Host
Server that manages shared resources
Node
Client, server, or other device that can communicate over a network and that is identified by a unique identifying number, known as its network address

17. Elements Common to All Server-Based Networks
Protocol
Rules network uses to transfer data
Data Packets
The distinct units of data transmitted from one computer to another on a network

18. Elements Common to All Server-Based Networks
Addressing
Scheme for assigning unique identifying number to every workstation on network
The number that uniquely identifies each workstation and device on a network is its address

19. Elements Common to All Server-Based Networks
Transmission media
Means through which data are transmitted and received

20. How Networks Are Used Services Features provided by a network
File and print services
Communications services
Mail services
Internet services
Management services

21. MDF in a Multi-Story Building

22. MDF in a Multi-Building Campus

23. Horizontal and Backbone Cabling (Type A)
MDF
IDF
3000m

24. The Seven Layers of the OSI Model
International
Organization of
Standardization
ISO

25. Layer7
The application layer is the OSI layer that is closest to the user; it provides network services to the user’s applications. It differs from the other layers in that it does not provide services to any other OSI layer, but rather, only to applications outside the OSI model. Examples of such applications are spreadsheet programs, word processing programs, and bank terminal programs. If you want to remember Layer 7 in as few words as possible, think of browsers.

26. Layer 6
The presentation layer ensures that the information that the application layer of one system sends out is readable by the application layer of another system. If necessary, the presentation layer translates between multiple data formats by using a common format. If you want to think of Layer 6 in as few words as possible, think of a common data format

27. Layer 5
As its name implies, the session layer establishes, manages, and terminates sessions between two communicating hosts. The session layer provides its services to the presentation layer. It also synchronizes dialogue between the two hosts' presentation layers and manages their data exchange. If you want to remember Layer 5 in as few words as possible, think of dialogues and conversations.

28. Layer 4
The transport layer segments data from the sending host's system and reassembles the data into a data stream on the receiving host's system. Layer 4 is the boundary between media-layer protocols and host-layer protocols. Layer 4 also deals with Flow Control (Windowing), and Reliability of Communication (Acknowledgement).

29. Layer 3
The network layer is a complex layer that provides connectivity and path selection between two host systems that may be located on geographically separated networks. If you want to remember Layer 3 in as few words as possible, think of path selection, routing, and addressing.

30. Layer 2
The data link layer provides reliable transit of data across a physical link. In so doing, the data link layer is concerned with physical (as opposed to logical) addressing, network topology, network access, error notification, ordered delivery of frames. If you want to remember Layer 2 in as few words as possible, think of frames and media access control.

31. Layer 1
The physical layer defines the electrical, mechanical, procedural, and functional specifications for activating, maintaining, and deactivating the physical link between end systems. Such characteristics as voltage levels, timing of voltage changes, physical data rates, maximum transmission distances, physical connectors, and other, similar, attributes are defined by physical layer specifications. If you want to remember Layer 1 in as few words as possible, think of signals and media.

32. Encapsulation

33. Summary of the OSI Model
Layer
Description

34. 5 Conversion Steps to Encapsulate Data