1. CCT200: Intercultural Communication
Approaches to Studying Cultural Patterns and an Overview of Canadian Immigration
Rhon Teruelle
Class #2 – September 19, 2011
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Inforamation Infrastructure and Policy 1

2. AGENDA Part I (Digital Storytelling) Part II (Cultural Patterns)
Part III (Canadian Immigration)
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Inforamation Infrastructure and Policy 2

3. Digital Storytelling http://www.storycenter.org/whatis.html
is used to describe a wide variety of new media production practices.
is the sharing of these stories and which connects people in special ways.
is about the events, people, and places in our lives.
is shown as examples in our workshops which are directly connected to the images that one collects in a life’s journey.
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4. Cultural Patterns
Shared beliefs, values, and norms that are stable over time.
Leads to similar behaviours across similar situations.
Allows us to make predictions about a culture.
Allows us to adapt our communication accordingly.
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5. Cultural Patterns Continued…
According to Fisher (1989), these patterns are a mindset that provides ways of thinking about the world and one’s place in it. Cultural patterns are shared mental programs that govern behaviour.
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6. Beliefs, Values, and Norms
Beliefs – ideas about the world that people assume are true.
Values – things we hold dear.
According to Sitaram and Hapanen (1979): values are communicated explicitly through symbolic behaviour; the way people communicate is influenced by the values people hold.
Norms – rules that are socially enforced.
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7. Beliefs, Values, and Norms cont…
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8. Communication in a Culture
Patterns are the filter through which all verbal and nonverbal symbols are interpreted.
The relationship between patterns and communication is reciprocal.
We communicate on the basis of the cultural patterns we have learned.
We learn these cultural patterns through communication with others in our culture.
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9. Studying Cultural Patterns
The four studies most used by intercultural researchers and scholars:
Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck (1961)
Hall (1976)
Hofstede (1997)
Bond (1987)
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10. Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck
Human nature orientation: What is the character of innate human nature? In short, are humans basically bad, good, or a mixture of both?
Man-nature relationship: What is the relationship of people to nature? Are humans controlled by nature, control nature, or live in balance with nature?
Time orientation: What is the time sense of human life? Do they emphasize the past, present, or future?
Activity orientation: What is the culture’s activity orientation? Are humans being, being-in-becoming, or doing?
Relational orientation: What is the social relationship of humans to one another? Is it by authorization, group, or individual?
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11. Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck
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13. Studying Cultural Patterns
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14. Edward Hall
Divided culture into two dimensions: low-context culture and high-context culture.
In low-context culture, the mass of information is vested in the explicit code.
In high-context culture, most of the information is either in the physical setting or is internalized in the person; very little is in the coded, explicit, transmitted part of the message.
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15. Edward Hall
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16. Geert Hofstede
Individualism/collectivism – relates to the question of what a culture values in terms of individual achievement or collective group accomplishments.
Power distance – the degree to which a culture tolerates inequality in power distribution in relationships and organizations.
Uncertainty avoidance – measures the degree to which a culture can tolerate uncertainty and ambiguous situations.
Masculinity/femininity – the degree to which stereotypically masculine and feminine traits prevail in a culture.
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17. Michael Bond Prof. Michael Harris BOND - Emeritus
Professor of Psychology Ph.D., Stanford
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18. Michael Bond Integration – refers to a sense of social stability.
Human–Heartedness – refers to a sense of gentleness and compassion.
Moral Discipline – refers to a sense of moderation and restraint in daily activities.
Confucian Work Dynamism – refers to a person’s orientation toward life and work.
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19. Canadian Immigration http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/index.asp19
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20. Canadian Immigration
Find out about the requirements and the steps to apply in each category:
Skilled workers and professionals For people who want to settle and work in Canada (outside of Quebec)
Quebec-selected skilled workers For people selected by the Quebec government to settle and work in Quebec
Canadian Experience Class For people who have recent Canadian work experience or have graduated and recently worked in Canada
Investors, entrepreneurs and self-employed people For people who want to start a business in Canada
Provincial nominees One of Canada’s provinces or territories can nominate you to settle and work there
Sponsoring your family How to sponsor a family member to join you here if you are a permanent resident or a Canadian citizen 20
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21. Questions or comments 21
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