1. What standards are reasonable for CRCP mapping needs?
NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program Requirements for Integrated Ocean and Coastal Mapping
What standards are reasonable for CRCP mapping needs?
IOCM Standards and Specifications – Durham NH – April 18-19, 2006

2. U.S. Coral Reef Task Force Goal
Produce comprehensive digital maps of all shallow (<30m) coral reef ecosystems in the United States and characterize priority moderate-depth reef systems by 2009.

3. Shallow Water Mapping
Aerial and satellite data being used for mapping in shallow areas.
In most areas NOAA uses IKONOS imagery
to produce shallow-water (< 30m) benthic habitat maps.
IKONOS Image
of Midway Island
Estimated Depths
(Stumpf & Holderied)
Habitat Classification
Manual Interpretation
Data available on web at:

4. U.S. Pacific Islands: Vast and Remote
* Tide Gauges *
(18) * * * * * * *
Wake Island
(24) *
(6)
Monitoring & Mapping ~55 Island/Atoll Ecosystems

5. Pacific Moderate Depth Mapping
NWHI (2002/KM) ,367 km2
NWHI ( ) 1,997 km2
MHI (2005) 1,126 km2
CNMI/Guam (2003) km2
Am. Samoa ( ) 1,385 km2
PRIAs (2006) 3,793 km2
Total ,912 km2
(13,677 nm2)
N. Shore Molokai
R/V AHI
NOAA Ship Hi’ialakai
30 kHz
EM300
5000 m range
135 beams
300 kHz
EM3002D
150 m range
beams
240 kHz
Reson 8101ER
250 m range
101 beams

6. Charting Needs in Pacific Islands
All other areas in NWHI,
American Samoa, CNMI,
Guam and the Pacific
Remote Island Areas
(PRIAs) are Priority 2
or lower.
There are only a
few critical areas
for charting
in the main
Hawaiian Islands.
HOWEVER, there are
No Soundings on Some Charts
Significant Chart Offsets – 2 km

7. Tutuila
588 km2
HI0602
Johnston
992 km2
HI0601
Kingman
926 km2
HI0604
Howland
221 km2
HI0601
Rose
269 km2
HI0602
Jarvis
316 km2
HI0604
Swain’s
256 km2
HI0602
Palmyra
1082 km2
HI0604
Baker
256 km2
HI0601

8. St. John and St. Thomas, USVI La Parguera, Puerto Rico
US Caribbean Mapping
St. John and St. Thomas, USVI
La Parguera, Puerto Rico
St. Croix, USVI
NOAA Chart 25640, scale 1:326,856.

9. Caribbean Multibeam Mapping Activities 2004 2005 2006
IHO Order
IHO 2/IHO 3
IHO Order 1 26%
IHO Order 2 74%
IHO Order 1 <100m
IHO Order 2 >100m
Swath Width Used
140º
120º 26%
140º 74%
110º
Multibeam Sonar Coverage (Area in Nautical Miles²)
29.44
29.50
41.78
ROV Imagery Transects (Length in Nautical Miles)
16.70
38.28
11.88
Number of ROV Lines 7 36 18
Number of Dives (SCUBA) 37
Charting Use (AHB Review)
none ?
2005 and 2006 IHO Order values are estimations, as final processing and QA/QC are in progress.
Final results may vary from these goals.

10. Issues: ‘Strumming’/vibration in temporary pole-mount (2004)
Error measurements
initial offset (in)accuracy
Importance of a good patch test
Line spacing/Use of outer beam data
Coordination with Partners
-i.e. advance notice to COOPS for tide request
How to share responsibility and expertise for project planning, data acquisition and processing, product generation, documentation
Funding, personnel, time
Balancing different operational needs (i.e. ROV versus multibeam) at sea and prioritization of divergent project areas

11. French Frigate Shoals, NWHI,
Bank top bathymetry
2 m grid cell size
Fledermaus Image
(next slide)

12. What are we looking for? Fledermaus Image 10 m coral pinnacles
0.5 m sand waves
m roughness
Complex morphology
at edge of bank
2-m grid of coral-rich bank top in m water depths – French Frigate Shoals, NWHI

13. Kongsberg EM3002d
300 kHz backscatter

14. R/V AHI
Reson 8101
240-kHz backscatter

15. multibeam bathymetry
complexity
5x slope
multibeam backscatter

16. Benthic Habitat Mapping
IKONOS Imagery
Multibeam Surveys
Optical Groundtruthing – ROV, TOAD, LLS
Optical Groundtruthing Towed Diver Surveys
Examples of some of the data sources available to us for use in mapping benthic habitats include…

17. Products for Management Needs
Saipan Anchorage Video Tracklines
Predicted Sand/Coral Cover
Scientists, managers, and stakeholders work together to prioritize production
of seafloor characterization and benthic habitat maps. It is not realistic
or necessary to create these labor intensive products over 1000’s of km2 of area.

18. Impacts of Standards on Mapping Costs and Efficiency
Requirements
IHO 1
IHO 2
CRCP Mapping
Cost/Efficiency Impact
Survey depths
0-100 m m m
Survey areas
100’s km2/yr
1000’s km2/yr
Installation
Rigorous
OCS/NMAO participation & documentation
Equipment
HR Sonar,VR
Sonar, VR
Sonar requirements
Calibration
2-3/year
1/year
OCS participation & documentation
Vert. accuracy m m
2 x IHO
Documentation to prove
Tides
Gauges/
Zones
Zones,
Obs. tides
Pred. tides
Tide gauges, application of observed tides
Horz. accuracy
5m + 5%d
20m +5%d
DGPS
Required
Required?
GPS
Cost for satellite DGPS
Ship personnel
Trained hydrographers
1 survey tech
2-10 science
OCS/NMAO involvement in mapping work
CTD casts
4 hrs/continuous
4 hours
12 hours
Time for CTD casts/cost equipment
Line spacing
~3 x WD
5 x WD
1.7 x number of lines
Least depths
Not done
~5-10 days/survey
Reporting
DAPR
Metadata

19. Map to IHO Standards in Priority Areas
OCS participated in 2002 Kilo Moana survey in NWHI
OCS and NMAO did installation and original certification of Hi’ialakai and Nancy Foster mapping systems. CRCP and OCS collaboration on re-calibration and re-certification of Hi’ialakai and AHI mapping systems now underway – collaborative yearly updates?
Portions of USVI survey in 2005 & 2006 were conducted to IHO standards with documentation.
Joint CRCP/OCS charting surveys for harbors in Saipan, Tinian, & Rota, CNMI, are planned for early 2007 using AHI.
Commercial
& Navy
Anchorage
Harbor Survey
Saipan, CNMI
USVI

20. For Information
NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program
Center for Coastal Monitoring & Assessment
Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Ctr. CRED