1. Georgia Performance Standards
SAP2. Students will analyze the interdependence of the integumentary, skeletal, and
muscular systems as these relate to
the protection, support and
movement of the human body.
SAP2b. Explain how the skeletal structures provide support and protection for tissues, and function together with the muscular system to make movements possible.

2. Bone Surface Markings Surface Features Specific Functions
rough area, groove, openings, process
Specific Functions
passageway for blood vessels and nerves
joint formation
muscle attachment & contraction

3. Foramen = opening
Fossa = shallow depression
Sulcus = groove
Meatus = tubelike passageway or canal
Condyle = large, round protuberance
Facet = smooth flat articular surface
Trochanter = very large projection
Tuberosity = large, rounded, roughened projection

4. Long Bone Structure Epiphysis Proximal and Distal Ends of Long Bones
Site of hemopoiesis (blood cell formation)
Diaphysis
Shaft of bone, hollow
Articular Cartilage
Smooth for Lubrication at Joints
Spongy Bone
Red/Yellow Bone Marrow
Compact Bone
Structure/Framework
Primarily composed of Calcium and Phosphate

5. Medullary Cavity
Stores red marrow (infant) & Yellow (adult)
Red Bone Marrow
Blood Cells
Yellow Bone Marrow
Adipose Tissue
Nutrient Foramen
Nutrient and oxygen supply line to compact bone

6. Skeletal Tissue
Connective

7. Bone Cells Osteoprogenitor (Stem Cells = Unspecialized) Osteoblast
Mesenchyme cells from which all tissues arise from Mesoderm
Osteoblast
Cells that form bone by secreting collagen & matrix
Osteocyte
Mature Bone Cells
Osteoclast (Immune Cell)
Destroys Bone for growth, development, and repair of bone

8. OSTEOCYTES: OSTEOBLASTS: Found on surface of bone tissue
Produce matrix
Mineral salts and collagen
During bone development the osteoblast may produce too much matrix & become cemented in
Once trapped w/i the chamber (lacunae) surrounded by the matrix it is called/turns into...Osteocytes

9. OSTEOCLAST: Bone cells that wander throughout bone tissue
Secrete substance that dissolves the mineral salt crystals of the matrix
May arise from a monocyte (wbc) under influence of certain hormones

11. Compact Bone Osteocytes Lacunae Haversian Canal (Osteon)
Store osteocytes
Haversian Canal (Osteon)
Central canal that carries blood vessels and nerves to bones
Volkman’s Canals
Connects Haversian Canals
Transport from nutrient supply to internal compact bone
Canaliculi
Nutrient Foramen
Nutrient supply from body to internal bone
Found in Medullary Cavity

12. Spongy Bone No True Osteons
Lamellae arranged in lattice known as trabeculae
Filled with Red Bone Marrow

14. Hemopoiesis
Blood cell production in the bone marrow