1. Wind and Storage Andrew Gonzalez: Bearden High School Christina Cox: North Carolina State University

2. Overview Basis Today’s Grid Problems/ Solutions Future Applications

3. How It Works

4. Today’s Grid Storage The largest machine in the world 2.3% of U.S. total production capacity (24.6GW)

5. Today’s Grid With Wind Wind currently accounts for 5.7% of electricity generated. Wind power comprised 43% of all new U.S. electric capacity additions in 2012 Wind power is currently the fastest-growing source of electricity production in the world.

6. Wind Power Problems Wind speed is not constant Transmission distance Birds

7. Wind Power Benefits No fuel cost Operating costs are minimal (mostly maintenance) Zero air emissions.

8. Storage Problems Four challenges to widespread storage: 1. cost competitive 2. reliability 2. reliability 3. simple integration 4. safety The batteries cannot take the unsettled power outputs and consumer demands.

9. Storage Benefits Stored energy increases the economic value of wind energy. Remote energy storage at wind would compensate for gaps in supply.

10. What can change? Jeff Gates, “The perception is that this stuff isn’t real.. A whole generation of utilities people have grown up with the notion that it’s not reliable, too expensive and it’s 20 years away.” Bloomberg Future of Energy Summit (April 9, 2014) A Smart Grid System

11. Future Wind Power Airborne Wind Turbines MakaniAltaeros Wind Harvester Wind Lens Eco Whisper Turbine Vertical Axis Turbines Windspire Eddy Turbine Manmade Island Wind Battery Concept

12. Makani Wind Turbines Altitude of 1,000 feet 85% can have access to wind energy as opposed to 15% Can fly out and quadruple the US’s total wind capacity

13. Altaeros Wind Turbines Harnesses High-altitude winds Reduces energy costs by up to 65% Helium filled balloons with a turbine in the center

14. Wind Harvester Copies motion that uses horizontal aerofoils similar to those used on aeroplanes. Noise free electric power generation Can also operate at higher speeds

15. Wind Lenses Japanese turbines that are 3 times as efficient Claimed to be cheaper than Nuclear energy

16. Vertical Axis Turbines 30 feet tall and 4 feet wide 6Db above ambient Produces 1.2kW (~2000kWh at 11 mph wind average)

17. Eddy Turbine Can withstand 120 mph Cut-in wind speed of 3.5 m/s; Cut-out of 30 m/s Generates 600 watts

18. Eco Whisper Turbine Virtually Silent 20kW generation capacity Allegedly, more efficient

19. Manmade Island Wind Battery Concept The wind power generated by the turbines pumps water into the island and uses gravity to push the water out when energy is needed.

20. Necessity of Smart Grid Wind power integration Storage Transmission Maintain the grid voltage Reliability Green Energy Fossil fuels

21. Conclusions Wind Power Two Main Issues Benefits Future technology Smart Grid Solutions

22. Bibliography "Interesting Wind Energy Facts | Wind Energy Foundation." Interesting Wind Energy Facts | Wind Energy Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 June 2014. Field, Jason P. "Interactive Effects of Grazing and Burning on Wind- and Water-driven Sediment Fluxes: Rangeland Management Implications." Ecological Applications 21.1 (2011): 22-32. Web. 16 June 2014. "The Future of Wind Power: 9 Cool Innovations." TreeHugger. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 June 2014. "Smart Grid Energy Storage." Grid Energy Power Storage. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 June 2014. "CleanTechnica." CleanTechnica. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 June 2014. "How Wind Energy Works | UCSUSA." Union of Concerned Scientists. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 June 2014.

23. Thank You to…